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Redistribution of regional and organ blood volume and effect on cardiac function in relation to upright exercise intensity in healthy human subjects
Abstract
To determine the effect of relative exercise intensity on organ blood volume and its relation to cardiac function, changes in relative blood volume and cardiac function were monitored with radionuclide techniques in 14 healthy volunteers. After labeling the subject's red cells with technetium 99m, we acquired data at rest, zero-load cycling, and at 50%, 75%, and 100% of maximal oxygen uptake. From rest to zero-load cycling, leg blood volume decreased 32 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM), whereas relative end-diastolic blood volume increased 9.6 +/- 1.2%, and lung blood volume increased 18 +/- 2%, suggesting that the lungs may act as a blood volume buffer during periods of acutely increased venous return. With relative increasing exercise, leg blood volume stabilized, and then the blood volume in the abdominal organs decreased, further augmenting cardiopulmonary blood volume; leg blood volume and abdominal blood volume decreased by 23 +/- 2% and 19 +/- 2% from baseline, respectively, whereas thoracic blood volume increased 38 +/- 4%. In the abdomen, large decreases in blood volume were observed in the spleen (46 +/- 2%), kidney (24 +/- 4%), and liver (18 +/- 4%). In contrast, lung blood volume increased 50 +/- 4%, with the upper lung fields increasing more than the lower. Blood sampling revealed an increase in the hematocrit level by 4.3 +/- 0.4 units at peak exercise that paralleled the decrease in splenic blood volume (r2 = -0.64, p less than 0.001), suggesting a role for the spleen in augmenting cardiovascular performance by the release of concentrated red blood cells into general circulation. We conclude that upright exercise results in marked blood volume shifts from the legs and abdominal organs to the heart and lungs in a dynamic process correlating closely with oxygen consumption.
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“Rabbits have an in vivo heart rate range of 155–360 bpm (Gaustad, Rolim, & Wisloff, 2010; Jover, McGrath, & Ludbrook, 1987) which is still higher than humans (Flamm, et al., 1990; Stratton, et al., 1994) but significantly closer than mouse and rats”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Flamm, et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“This reflects an increase of approximately 96–136% which is close-lower than the 140–170% increase in heart rate observed in humans (Flamm, et al., 1990; Stratton, et al., 1994).”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Flamm, et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“although this heart rate reserve (and consequently cardiac output reserve) is more than reserves of mice (~30–40%) and rats (~40–50%), it is still less than the reserve (~140–170%) available in humans (Flamm, et al., 1990; Stratton, et al., 1994).”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Flamm, et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“changes in other hemodynamic parameters are comparable between canines and humans as well. Some of these parameters include cardiac output (canine: ~2.3, human: ~1.8 fold increase), O2 consumption (canine: ~7 fold increase, human: ~5.7 fold increase), systolic blood pressure (canine: ~0.4, human: ~0.6 fold increase), diastolic blood pressure (canine: 0.16, human: 0.07 fold decrease), and mean”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Flamm, et al., 1990
In the citing paper
“This gain of 128–219% in heart rate is very similar to the 140–170% available in humans (Flamm, et al., 1990; Stratton, et al., 1994).”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Flamm, et al., 1990
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flamm, S. D., Taki, J., Moore, R., Lewis, S. F., Keech, F., Maltais, F., Ahmad, M., Callahan, R., Dragotakes, S., & Alpert, N.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1990-05
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1550-1559
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2159599910
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 13.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- regional blood volume, blood volume redistribution, exercise intensity, upright exercise, cardiac function, lung blood volume, hematocrit, venous return, oxygen consumption
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Volume, Female, Heart, Humans, Intestines, Kidney, Leg, Leukocyte Count, Liver, Lung, Male, Posture, Radionuclide Imaging, Regional Blood Flow, Spleen, Technetium, Exercise
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