The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oral contraceptives and hypertension.
Open accessAbstract
Oral contraceptives result in a mild elevation of blood pressure in most women and overt hypertension in about 5%. Both estrogen and progestogen are responsible for the blood pressure effect, but the mechanism is as yet unknown. The risk of cardiovascular complications is found primarily in women over 35 years of age and in those who smoke. Preparations with an estrogen content of 30 g and a progestogen content of 1 mg or less appear to be safe.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Cessation of estrogen use typically leads to a return to baseline BP within 2 to 12 months, but proteinuria may persist.209,210”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [209]
In the citing paper
“Epidemiological studies of high-dose estrogen use found mean elevations in SBP of 3 to 6 mm Hg, with ≈5% of women developing new hypertension.209”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [209]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Oral Contraceptives and Cardiovascular Disease
Stadel, B. V. (1981) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198109103051104 · Cited by 494
Oral Contraceptives: Renin, Aldosterone, and High Blood Pressure
Laragh, J. H. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03130120026007 · Cited by 229
Red-Cell Lithium-Sodium Countertransport and Renal Lithium Clearance in Hypertension
Weder, A. B. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198601233140402 · Cited by 182
Blood Pressure in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives
Weir, R. J., Briggs, E., Mack, A., Naismith, L., Taylor, L., & Wilson, E. (1974) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5907.533 · Cited by 164
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND HYPERTENSION
Woods, J. (1967) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(67)90690-3 · Cited by 131
Self-citationHelmer, O. M., Griffith, R. S., Sanders, R. M., & Tilden, J. H. (1952) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-51-5-421 · Cited by 122
Saruta, T. (1970) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.126.4.621 · Cited by 120
Spellacy, W. N., & Birk, S. A. (1972) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90811-3 · Cited by 95
Blood pressure and contraceptive use
Khaw, K., & Peart, W. S. (1982) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.285.6339.403 · Cited by 84
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Saruta T, Saade GA, Kaplan NM. A possible mechanism for hypertension induced by oral contraceptives. Arch Intern Med 1970; 126:621-626
- Report of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Hyper- tension. In: Oral contraceptives and health. London: Pitmann, 8. Vessey MP, McPherson K, Johnson B. Mortality among wom- en participating in the Oxford University Family Planning As- sociation Contraceptive Study. Lancet 1974;2:731-733
- Stem MP, Brown BW Jr, Haskell WL, Farquhar JW, Wehrle CL, Woods PDS. Cardiovascular risk and use of estrogens or estrogen-progestogen combinations. Stanford Three-Commu- nity Study. JAMA 1976;235:811-815
- Royal College of General Practitioners Oral Contraceptive Study. Effect on hypertension and benign breast disease of progestogen component in combined oral contraceptives. Lan- cet 1977; 1:624
- Fowler WL Jr, Johnson JA, Kurz KD, Payne CG. Renin- angiotensin mechanisms in oral contraceptive hypertension in conscious rats. Am J Physiol 1985;248:H695-H699
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–111 of 111
Hormone replacement therapy, cardiovascular risk and diabetes
McKenzie, J., & Fisher, M. (2007) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.1082
A Study of Blood Pressure Variation in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle
Anuradha, G. (2020) · International Journal of Physiology · doi:10.37506/ijop.v8i3.1326
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-44-451005-2/00960-8
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.00854-4
SEX HORMONES AND RELATED DRUGS
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53271-8.50006-5
Guberna, S. M., & Sinescu, C. J. (2018) · Medic ro · doi:10.26416/med.124.4.2018.1903
Cardiometabolic Function in Women
Joksimović, J., Novakovic, J. N., Jeremic, N. S., & Bradić, J. (2023) · Advances in biochemistry in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39928-2_12
Tryadi, M. W., The, F., & Marsaoly, R. R. (2026) · Medika Kartika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan · doi:10.35990/mk.v9n1.p45-56
Metadata
- Authors
- Woods, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woods, J W
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1988-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3_pt_2
- Pages
- II11-5
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W1969269190
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Keywords
- oral contraceptives, elevated blood pressure, estrogen, progestogens, cardiovascular risk, smoking, women over 35, contraceptive safety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Progestins, Risk Factors, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
