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Differential Distribution of Cardiac Ion Channel Expression as a Basis for Regional Specialization in Electrical Function
Open accessAbstract
The cardiac electrical system is designed to ensure the appropriate rate and timing of contraction in all regions of the heart, which are essential for effective cardiac function. Well-controlled cardiac electrical activity depends on specialized properties of various components of the system, including the sinoatrial node, atria, atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system, and ventricles. Cardiac electrical specialization was first recognized in the mid 1800s, but over the past 15 years, an enormous amount has been learned about how specialization is achieved by differential expression of cardiac ion channels. More recently, many aspects of the molecular basis have been revealed. Although the field is potentially vast, an appreciation of key elements is essential for any clinician or researcher wishing to understand modern cardiac electrophysiology. This article reviews the major regionally determined features of cardiac electrical function, discusses underlying ionic bases, and summarizes present knowledge of ion channel subunit distribution in relation to functional specialization.
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Cites
Structure and Regulation of Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels
Catterall, W. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.16.1.521 · Cited by 2,344
Cited by
He, J.-Q., Ma, Y., Lee, Y., Thomson, J. A., & Kamp, T. J. (2003) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000080317.92718.99 · Cited by 800
Tbx3 controls the sinoatrial node gene program and imposes pacemaker function on the atria
Hoogaars, W. M. H., Engel, A., Brons, J. F., Verkerk, A. O., de Lange, F. J., Wong, L. Y. E., Bakker, M. L., Clout, D. E., Wakker, V., Barnett, P., et al. (2007) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.416007 · Cited by 409
Zhu, W.-Z., Xie, Y., Moyes, K. W., Gold, J. D., Askari, B., & Laflamme, M. A. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.223917 · Cited by 228
KIRCHHOF, P., ECKARDT, L., FRANZ, M. R., MÖNNIG, G., LOH, P., WEDEKIND, H., SCHULZE‐BAHR, E., BREITHARDT, G., & HAVERKAMP, W. (2003) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03165.x · Cited by 124
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Altered ventricular stretch contributes to initiation of cardiac memory
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Biendarra-Tiegs, S. M., Li, X., Ye, D., Brandt, E. B., Ackerman, M. J., & Nelson, T. J. (2019) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2019.0030 · Cited by 43
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schram, G., Pourrier, M., Melnyk, P., & Nattel, S.
- Venue
- Circulation Research
- Published
- 2002-05-17
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 939-950
- ISSN
- 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4571
- OpenAlex
- W2130306265
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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