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Novel Antiatherosclerotic Therapies
Open accessAbstract
Many measures can control lipid risk factors for atherosclerosis. Yet, even with excellent control of dyslipidemia, other sources of risk remain. Hence, we must look beyond lipids to address residual risk. Lifestyle measures should form the foundation of cardiovascular risk control. Many pharmacological interventions targeting oxidation have proven disappointing. A large program tested inhibition of a LpPLA 2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 ), culminating in 2 large-scale clinical trials that did not meet their primary end points. A variety of antioxidants have not shown benefit in clinical trials. Numerous laboratory and clinical studies have inculpated inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic events. The p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor losmapimod and an inhibitor of a leukocyte adhesion molecule, P-selectin, did not alter adverse events in trials. Low-dose methotrexate, despite the promising observational studies, did not lower biomarkers of inflammation or alter cardiovascular outcomes in the CIRT (cardiovascular inflammation reduction trial). Four large-scale investigations underway will determine colchicine’s ability to reduce recurrent events in secondary prevention. The CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) showed that an antibody that neutralizes IL (interleukin)-1β can reduce recurrent cardiovascular events in secondary prevention. The success of CANTOS points to the pathway that leads from the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome through IL-1β to IL-6 as an attractive target for further study and clinical development beyond lipid therapies to address the unacceptable burden of risk that remains despite our best current care in secondary prevention.
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“These trials highlighted the potential, but also the limitations of current anti-inflammatory approaches, including immune suppression and the associated risk of sepsis.4”
From Senescence-induced inflammation: an important player and key therapeutic target in atherosclerosis (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Libby, P., & Everett, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Libby, Peter
- Venue
- Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 538-545
- ISSN
- 1079-5642 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4636
- PMC
- PMC6436984
- OpenAlex
- W2917926925
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 11
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (18CSA34080399)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL080472)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- atherosclerosis, antiatherosclerotic therapy, residual cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, antioxidants, inflammation, p38 MAPK inhibition, P-selectin, methotrexate, colchicine, IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-6, secondary prevention, CANTOS trial
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Clinical Trials as Topic, Clone Cells, Hematopoiesis, Humans, Inflammation, Life Style, Risk Factors, Vaccination, Therapies, Investigational, Atherosclerosis, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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