The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 42 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services: Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations
Open accessAbstract
he American Heart Association focuses on reducing factors known to increase risk for heart disease and stroke through Life's Simple 7. By focusing on these factors, American Heart Association seeks to both improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans and reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease and stroke by 20% by the year 2020. 1 Physical activity has a strong and positive impact on several of these factors-blood pressure, blood glucose, and body weight, in addition to overall risk for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.With the recent release of the second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG), 2 more is known about the benefits of physical activity, and the news is good-benefits start even earlier and are easier to obtain than was previously thought.The PAG is based on the work of a 17-member Advisory Committee that conducted an extensive review of the literature on physical activity and health.The Advisory Committee graded the evidence as strong, moderate, limited, or grade not assignable and summarized its findings in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.3 Evidence graded as strong or moderate was used as the basis for the PAG.Some of the strongest evidence was on risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be modified by physical activity, including blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and body weight.The PAG recommends that adults do at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity a week, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorousintensity activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate-and vigorous-intensity activity.The key guidelines for adults are described in Table 1.Intensity can be measured in different ways but generally can be determined using the talk test.During moderate-intensity activity, a person can talk, but not sing.During vigorous-intensity activity, a person cannot say more than a few words without pausing for a breath.Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity, and that involve all major muscle groups on ≥2 days a week.Currently, only 22% of adults meet the combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening targets, whereas 36% report doing no leisure-time physical activity.4 LESS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS NEEDED THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT TO OBTAIN BENEFITSAlthough meeting the PAG should be the goal, the threshold at which health benefits begin to accrue is less than 150 minutes a week for most outcomes.The biggest bang for your buck is moving from being inactive to doing some physical activity each week.There is no lower limit to the benefits of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.The amount of physical activity recommended in the PAG takes into account the wide range of health outcomes associated with
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 42 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“Although meeting the PAG should be the goal, the threshold at which health benefits begin to accrue is less than 150 minutes a week for most outcomes.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
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In the paper
“The positive relationship between overall cardiovascular health and regular physical activity is well established.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
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In the paper
“On the other end of the spectrum, additional physical activity confers additional benefits, and health risk does not seem to increase with high amounts of physical activity, even beyond 3 to 5 times the 150 minutes a week recommendation.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This means parking farther away from the store or walking up the stairs instead of taking the elevator-even if it is only a few minutes of activity-contributes to overall benefits.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > ACHIEVING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BENEFITS IS EASIER
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Compared with inactive adults, meeting the PAG is associated with a 14% reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease.3”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
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In the paper
“Research has not identified an upper limit of activity, above which additional health benefits cease to occur.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“A significant update with the PAG is that any amount of physical activity counts toward the weekly total.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > ACHIEVING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BENEFITS IS EASIER
What the sources say
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In the paper
“This same relationship exists for cardiovascular disease mortality and is similar to the relationship between physical activity and allcause mortality.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“Interestingly, people with prehypertension gain greater benefits from physical activity.Blood pressure is lowered more for people with prehypertension than people with normal blood pressure.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“A strong inverse dose-response relationship was observed between physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, including stroke and heart failure.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 3
In the paper
“Those who meet the PAG will achieve about 75% of the maximal risk reduction in all-cause mortality and approximately a 40% reduction in cardiovascular disease mortality.3”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Evidence shows that getting a minimum bout (previously 10 minutes in duration in the first edition of the PAG) is no longer necessary to accumulate the benefits of physical activity; the total amount is what matters.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > ACHIEVING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BENEFITS IS EASIER
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Physical activity has a strong and positive impact on several of these factors-blood pressure, blood glucose, and body weight, in addition to overall risk for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“The Advisory Committee highlighted its confidence in the relationship, noting the strength of the evidence is unlikely to be modified by additional studies on this topic.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“In both populations, the blood pressure reductions associated with regular physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 4% to 5% and stroke by 6% to 8%. 3”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some of these benefits may be attributable to physical activity's impact on circulation.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > CONCLUSIONS
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A new area of study for the Advisory Committee was brain health, which showed acute benefits of physical activity in reducing anxiety and improving cognition.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Among adults with hypertension, physical activity can reduce blood pressure, reduce the risk of increased blood pressure over time, and thereby slow the progression of cardiovascular disease.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SLOWS THE PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Although this article focuses on cardiovascular health, the benefits of physical activity are extensive and affect many aspects of health, both physical and mental.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Long-term physical activity is linked with reducing risk of dementia, risk of depression, and improving quality of life.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Sedentary behavior is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > Decreased incidence of hypertension.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity can reduce hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, body mass index, and blood lipids, all indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus progression.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SLOWS THE PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity, and that involve all major muscle groups on ≥2 days a week, as these activities provide additional health benefits.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Combining this evidence with the benefits of physical activity, the PAG concludes that all Americans can benefit from moving more and sitting less throughout the day.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > Decreased incidence of hypertension.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
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In the paper
“Physical activity can also improve physical function and the risk of falling, as well as the risk of injury if a fall occurs.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Physical activity can attenuate weight gain over time, helping to delay or reduce the risk of becoming overweight or obese.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is greatly reduced with physical activity, and this benefit is observed irrespective of body weight.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Some physical activity is better than none, and more physical activity is even better.”
§ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans From the US Department of Health and Human Services Cardiovascular Benefits and Recommendations > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“For those with a VT below 3.4-4.5METs, conducting common ADLs (e.g., household chores, self-care, low-intensity physical activity) would constitute exercise typical of what might be prescribed (36,37).”
From Ventilatory Threshold Related to VO2reserve, Heart Rate Reserve, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Large Varied Sample (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
Cites
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., George, S. M., & Olson, R. D. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854 · Cited by 9,755
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hampl, S. E., Hassink, S. G., Skinner, A. C., Armstrong, S. C., Barlow, S. E., Bolling, C. F., Avila Edwards, K. C., Eneli, I., Hamre, R., Joseph, M. M., et al. (2023) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-060640 · Cited by 1,389
Stamatakis, E., Ahmadi, M. N., Gill, J. M. R., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Gibala, M. J., Doherty, A., & Hamer, M. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02100-x · Cited by 336
Physical activity in obesity and metabolic syndrome
Strasser, B. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06785.x · Cited by 304
Hayes, G., Dowd, K., MacDonncha, C., & Donnelly, A. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.03.013 · Cited by 256
The Evolution of Technology and Physical Inactivity: The Good, the Bad, and the Way Forward
Woessner, M. N., Tacey, A., Levinger-Limor, A., Parker, A. G., Levinger, P., & Levinger, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.655491 · Cited by 251
“Moreover, national and international guidelines and recommendations for minimum levels of physical activity have been established in both the government and health sectors of numerous nations (19, 24).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Piercy, K. L., & Troiano, R. P.
- Affiliations
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e005263-e005263
- ISSN
- 1941-7705 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7713
- OpenAlex
- W2900521825
- Cited by
- 518
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- physical activity guidelines, physical activity, cardiovascular health, exercise recommendations, sedentary behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Expert Testimony, Humans, United States, United States Dept. of Health and Human Services, Exercise, Prevalence, Guidelines as Topic, Advisory Committees
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