The DOI matches its Crossref record; 161 of the 161 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease
Abstract
New data on the epidemiology of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are available, and they should be integrated with previous data. We provide an updated, integrated overview of the epidemiology of PAD, a focused literature review was conducted on the epidemiology of PAD. The PAD results were grouped into symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence, and incidence both in the United States and globally, risk factors, progression, coprevalence with other atherosclerotic disease, and association with incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The most common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, but noninvasive measures, such as the ankle-brachial index, show that asymptomatic PAD is several times more common in the population than intermittent claudication. PAD prevalence and incidence are both sharply age-related, rising >10% among patients in their 60s and 70s. With aging of the global population, it seems likely that PAD will be increasingly common in the future. Prevalence seems to be higher among men than women for more severe or symptomatic disease. The major risk factors for PAD are similar to those for coronary and cerebrovascular disease, with some differences in the relative importance of factors. Smoking is a particularly strong risk factor for PAD, as is diabetes mellitus, and several newer risk markers have shown independent associations with PAD. PAD is strongly associated with concomitant coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. After adjustment for known cardiovascular disease risk factors, PAD is associated with an increased risk of incident coronary and cerebrovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
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In the citing paper
“For example, the prevalence of PAD in individuals age ≥40 years is 4.3% but increases to 14.5% in those ≥70 years.7”
From Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“However, the accuracy of ABI is lower in patients with diabetes.762,763”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [762]
In the citing paper
“Beyond LEAD, an ABI ≤0.90 (or >1.40) is associated with an increased risk of death and CV events.762,763”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [762]
In the citing paper
“An ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90 is diagnostic for LEAD, with 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity in all populations.760,762”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [762]
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Citations
Cites
General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study
D’Agostino, R. B., Vasan, R. S., Pencina, M. J., Wolf, P. A., Cobain, M., Massaro, J. M., & Kannel, W. B. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.699579 · Cited by 7,491
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Self-citationMortality over a Period of 10 Years in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Criqui, M. H., Langer, R. D., Fronek, A., Feigelson, H. S., Klauber, M. R., McCann, T. J., & Browner, D. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199202063260605 · Cited by 2,579
Self-citationFowkes, F. G. R., Murray, G. D., Butcher, I., Heald, C. L., Lee, R. J., Chambless, L. E., Folsom, A. R., Hirsch, A. T., Dramaix, M., DeBacker, G., et al. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.2.197 · Cited by 1,870
Self-citationPlasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project.
Graham, I. M., Daly, L. E., Refsum, H. M., Robinson, K., Brattström, L. E., Ueland, P. M., Palma-Reis, R. J., Boers, G. H., Sheahan, R. G., Israelsson, B., et al. (1997) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540460039030 · Cited by 1,738
Measurement and Interpretation of the Ankle-Brachial Index
Aboyans, V., Criqui, M. H., Abraham, P., Allison, M., Creager, M. A., Diehm, C., Fowkes, F. G. R., Hiatt, W. R., Jönsson, B., Lacroix, P., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318276fbcb · Cited by 1,738
Self-citationBhatt, D. L. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.2.180 · Cited by 1,644
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aboyans, V., Ricco, J.-B., Bartelink, M.-L. E. L., Björck, M., Brodmann, M., Cohnert, T., Collet, J.-P., Czerny, M., De Carlo, M., Debus, S., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095 · Cited by 3,293
Self-citationGlobal Vascular Guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia.
Conte, M. S., Bradbury, A. W., Kolh, P., White, J. V., Dick, F., Fitridge, R., Mills, J. L., Ricco, J.-B., Suresh, K. R., Murad, M. H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016 · Cited by 2,015
Self-citation2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Gerhard-Herman, M. D., Gornik, H. L., Barrett, C., Barshes, N. R., Corriere, M. A., Drachman, D. E., Fleisher, L. A., Fowkes, F. G. R., Hamburg, N. M., Kinlay, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.007 · Cited by 1,941
2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Marx, N., Federici, M., Schütt, K., Müller-Wieland, D., Ajjan, R. A., Antunes, M. J., Christodorescu, R. M., Crawford, C., Di Angelantonio, E., Eliasson, B., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 · Cited by 1,642
Self-citationGlobal vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Conte, M. S., Bradbury, A. W., Kolh, P., White, J. V., Dick, F., Fitridge, R., Mills, J. L., Ricco, J.-B., Suresh, K. R., Murad, M. H., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.05.006 · Cited by 1,582
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Criqui, M. H., & Aboyans, V.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Venue
- Circulation Research
- Published
- 2015-04-24
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1509-1526
- ISSN
- 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4571
- OpenAlex
- W2148374679
- Cited by
- 1,785
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 195 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 203 · 2021: 223 · 2020: 196 · 2019: 169 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 100.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-06-19)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vascular Procedures and Complications
- Keywords
- peripheral arterial disease, epidemiology, intermittent claudication, asymptomatic peripheral artery disease, ankle-brachial index, prevalence, incidence, risk factors, smoking, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular mortality, population aging
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Intermittent Claudication, Prognosis, Risk Factors, United States, Global Health, Incidence, Prevalence, Ankle Brachial Index, Peripheral Arterial Disease
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