The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Body Fat Distribution and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Study
Abstract
Background— Body fat distribution has been cross-sectionally associated with atherosclerotic disease risk factors, but the prospective relation with coronary heart disease remains uncertain. Methods and Results— We examined the prospective relation between fat distribution indices and coronary heart disease among 24 508 men and women 45 to 79 years of age using proportional hazards regression. During a mean 9.1 years of follow-up, 1708 men and 892 women developed coronary heart disease. The risk for developing subsequent coronary heart disease increased continuously across the range of waist-hip ratio. Hazard ratios (95% CI) of the top versus bottom fifth of waist-hip ratio were 1.55 (1.28 to 1.73) in men and 1.91 (1.44 to 2.54) in women after adjustment for body mass index and other coronary heart disease risk factors. Hazard ratios increased with waist circumference, but risk estimates for waist circumference without hip circumference adjustment were lower by 10% to 18%. After adjustment for waist circumference, body mass index, and coronary heart disease risk factors, hazard ratios for 1-SD increase in hip circumference were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.87) in men and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93) in women. Hazard ratios for body mass index were greatly attenuated when we adjusted for waist-hip ratio or waist circumference and other covariates. Conclusions— Indices of abdominal obesity were more consistently and strongly predictive of coronary heart disease than body mass index. These simple and inexpensive measurements could be used to assess obesity-related coronary heart disease risk in relatively healthy men and women.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Literature shows that individuals with a healthy weight, but high visceral fat, are at higher cardiovascular risk than those with a higher BMI (Canoy et al., 2007; Stefan & Schulze, 2023).”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Canoy et al., 2007
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945
Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data
Hosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S. A., & May, S. J. (2008) · Cited by 3,030
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Bautista, L., Franzosi, M. G., Commerford, P., Lang, C. C., Rumboldt, Z., Onen, C. L., Lisheng, L., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67663-5 · Cited by 2,903
Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual
Lohman, T. J., Roache, A. F., & Martorell, R. (1992) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199208000-00020 · Cited by 2,764
Larsson, B., Svärdsudd, K., Welin, L., Wilhelmsen, L., Björntorp, P. A., & Tibblin, G. (1984) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401 · Cited by 1,931
Lapidus, L., Bengtsson, C., Larsson, B., Pennert, K. M., Rybo, E., & Sjöström, L. (1984) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257 · Cited by 1,657
Huxley, R., Barzi, F., & Woodward, M. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38678.389583.7c · Cited by 1,531
Abdominal Adiposity and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Rexrode, K. M. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.21.1843 · Cited by 1,208
"Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Björntorp, P. A. (1990) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.10.4.493 · Cited by 1,115
Han, T. S., Leer, E. M. V., Seidell, J. C., & Lean, M. E. J. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7017.1401 · Cited by 974
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hosmer DW Lemeshow S. Applied Survival Analysis. New York NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1999.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–471 of 471
Mensah, E. A., Khan, M. M., Odoi, A., Njau, G., Schmidt, M., & Lord, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313283 · Cited by 1
John, N. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/36059 · Cited by 1
“, 2006) and is a better predictor of coronary heart disease than is BMI (Canoy et al., 2007; Despres et al., 2008; Pischon et al, 2008).”
BackgroundKhwaja, R., Dessouky, R., Heffler, M. A., Xi, Y., Neeland, I. J., & Chhabra, A. B. (2019) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.01.001 · Cited by 1
Sarjoghian, S., Rahimian, A., Alfadhl, Y., Saunders, T., Liu, J., & Parini, C. (2020) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics9122139 · Cited by 1
“Recent works have shown that abdominal fat results in higher health risks compared to the other types [2,3].”
BackgroundRa, J. S. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9081064 · Cited by 1
Körperliche Komplikationen der Adipositas
Wirth, A. G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65556-6_2 · Cited by 1
Mombelli, G. G., Zanaboni, A. M., Gaito, S., & Sirtori, C. R. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.02.036 · Cited by 1
Malavazos, A. E., Briganti, S., & Ermetici, F. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.123208 · Cited by 1
Comprehensive Lipid Profiling Beyond LDL
Arsenault, B., Boekholdt, S., Kastelein, J., & Despres, J. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-179-0_8 · Cited by 1
“Recent evidence from the EPICNorfolk study has also suggested that an increased hip circumference, a crude marker of subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation, might be associated with a decreased CHD risk [49].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTeyhan, A. (2012) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 1
McGillivary, T. L. (2015) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo) · Cited by 1
Liu, Z., Shu, W., Liu, M., & Chong, W. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.03.19.24304562 · Cited by 1
Mensah, C. E. (2013) · Cited by 1
The interrelationship of sex steroid levels, body composition and bone characteristics in men
Lapauw, B. (2009) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Assessment and Treatment of Excess Weight
Turk, M. T. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20113-4_5
“Abdominal obesity has in fact been found to have a strong relationship with risk for coronary heart disease and metabolic disorders like impaired glucose functioning or diabetes mellitus [13, 14 ].”
BackgroundPhysical exercise : effects in cancer patients
Velthuis, M. J. (2010) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Eating behaviours and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk in young Australian adults
Smith, K. (2011) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23211638
Mecanismos de regulación del anabolismo lipídico en el tejido adiposo del paciente obeso
Delgado, O., & José, F. (2012) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Incidence of heart failure in an urban population
Borné, Y. (2012) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Cardiovascular Complications of Obesity
Ashen, M. D., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0548-5_13
“Several other studies, however, conclude that markers of abdominal obesity (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) are independently associated with CVD risk [ 17, 18 ].”
BackgroundAsubonteng, J. O. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
BPCO, obesità, sindrome metabolica e diabete
Gulli, G., & Miselli, V. (2011) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.itjm.2011.01.011
“[6] Canoy D, Boekholdt SM, Wareham N, Luben R, Welch A, Bin-”
BackgroundSubclinical Measures of Atherosclerosis: Genetics and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
Kavousi, M. (2013) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Menstrual cycles, vasomotor symptoms, hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease
Herber-Gast, G.-C. M. (2010) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and the influence of cannabinoids
Marzo, V. D., Kunos, G., Bergman, R. N., Després, J., & Brewer, B. (2008)
Woods, C. M. (2011) · California State University ScholarWorks (system-wide DSpace)
Drogan, D. (2009) · DepositOnce · doi:10.14279/depositonce-2080
“ein erhöhter WHR stärker mit dem KHKRisiko assoziiert als die über den BMI bestimmte allgemeine Zunahme des Körperfettanteils [42, 45-48].”
BackgroundInfluentialRoos, R. (2015) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Effective Lipid-lowering Therapy in High-risk Patients
Kastelein, J. J. P., Arsenault, B. J., & Tardif, J. (2011) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.5083/ejcm.20424884.211
Sultana, R., Marakani, L. R., & Gundabattula, S. R. (2011) · International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1028 · Cited by 1
Bonneau, G., Fridrich, A. B., Rascón, C., de Salud, R. M.-M., & de Posadas-Misiones, P. (2011)
Kvehaugen, A. S. (2009) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Qureshi, N. S., Hanif, A., Akhtar, B., Bhatti, T. A., Lutfullah, L., Iqbal, M., Khalid, Z., Bakshi, I. M., & Khan, B. Z. (2010) · Annals of King Edward Medical University · doi:10.21649/akemu.v16i4.246
Taftachi, F., Abdolkarimi, L., Ameri, M., Memarian, A., Malekpoor, Z., & Jafarzadeh, M. (2016) · Research in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.5812/cardiovascmed.40162
Obesity and metformin in pregnancy
Chiswick, C. A. (2017) · ERA
Abdominal Obesity and the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Osteoblasts
Greco, E. A., Marocco, C., Mocini, E., Lenzi, A., & Silvia, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816093-0.00004-5
Yalçınkaya, E., & Sarıçam, E. (2019) · Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi · doi:10.30720/ered.526882
Katz, E. G. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/2mje-ad74
Snyder, T. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/g8mn-g945
Bariatric Surgery: Clinical Presentation and Evaluation
Corpo, M. D., Schlottmann, F., & Patti, M. G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27592-1_25
Shin, K. (2020) · Journal of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.15207/jkcs.2020.11.9.267
Abdominal Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Marzo, J. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420060850-5
What Shape Is Healthy? Body Composition, Body Shape, and Health
Denton, N. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198865278.003.0005
Reasner, C. A. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-963-5_7
(2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118829875.refs
(2008) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0b013e328316c259
(2008) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32831fd97a
Waist:hip ratio might help to predict CHD
(2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1137
Abdominal Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
(2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420060850-2
Kamble, D. R., Pandhare, V. R., Vidhate, D. A., Vidhate, A. A., Vivek, H., Jariwala, V., Thomas, B. M., & Thomas, J. D. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns7.12132
Prinzipien und Ziele der bariatrischen Chirurgie
Patrzyk, M., Karcz, W. K., Frank, A., & Keßler, W. (2022) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61724-3_100-1
Wirth, A. G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58895-6_23
Yavelberg, L., Cody, H., Hancock, R., Gledhill, S., Norman, G., & Veronica, J. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003381
Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, L., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Asian Heart Journal · doi:10.1097/ah9.0000000000000023
Metabolic health and intermittent fasting: implications for age-related disorders
Ghosh, S., Singh, D. K. K., Raghunath, M., & Sinha, J. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-30060-8.00007-8
Yan, S., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Liang, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., & Xiu, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24709014
Yan, S., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Liang, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., & Xiu, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24709134
Yan, S., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Liang, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., & Xiu, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26647923
Dissémination du cancer de la prostate : un chemin pavé de gras
Toulet, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fbbe32c3z7ab7z4857zb7e7z0211baa3fa86
Ramakrishnan, K. K., Bhanu, V. U., Ananthasayanam, J. R., & Natarajan, P. (2026) · Romanian Journal of Neurology · doi:10.37897/rjn.2026.2.6
“Visceral fat quantification derived from routine abdominal CT has been shown to correlate with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease risk, and systemic inflammatory states [7,19,20,22,23].”
Divoux, A., Erdős, E., Whytock, K. L., Osborne, T. F., & Smith, S. R. (2026) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.199981
“JCI Insight 2026;11(15):e199981 https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.199981 android body type body fat distribution and an increased risk of developing IR, diabetes, and CVD relative to females matched for BMI but who carry their excess weight in gluteal/thigh adipose tissue (gynoid) (16–18).”
InfluentialPolycystic ovary syndrome - morphologic and dynamic evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging
Leonhardt, H. (2013) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Cardiovascular disease among diabetic women with bilateral oophorectomy.
Appiah, D. (2013) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/43
“abdominal obesity) play important roles and might rather explain the increasing CVD risk (16-20).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Canoy, D., Boekholdt, S. M., Wareham, N., Luben, R., Welch, A., Bingham, S., Buchan, I., Day, N., & Khaw, K.-T.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2007-12-18
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2933-2943
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W1995930672
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 22.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- body fat distribution, coronary artery disease, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, abdominal obesity, body mass index, cardiovascular risk, sex differences, EPIC-Norfolk cohort
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Obesity, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Sex Distribution, Waist-Hip Ratio, Body Fat Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
