Longitudinal Strain Delay Index by Speckle Tracking Imaging: A New Marker of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Abstract

Background— In heart failure patients with left ventricular dyssynchrony, contractility in delayed segments does not fully contribute to end-systolic function. We quantified this reserve of contraction related to mechanical dyssynchrony to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy by the strain delay index, which was defined as the sum of the difference between peak and end-systolic strain across 16 segments. Methods and Results— In 100 heart failure patients (ejection fraction=26±9%, QRS=154±29 ms, 94% in New York Heart Association class III), we studied left ventricular dyssynchrony before cardiac resynchronization therapy by the strain delay index using longitudinal strain by 2D speckle tracking and by the SD of time to peak myocardial velocity in 12 segments. The optimal cutoff value of the strain delay index to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy was determined in a retrospective group (n=65) and then confirmed in a validation group (n=35). Left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction at 3 months >15% (responder) occurred in 64 of 100 patients. In the retrospective group, the strain delay index but not the SD of time to peak myocardial velocity was greater in responders (n=42/65) than nonresponders (35±8% versus 19±7%, P <0.0001), and the optimal cutoff value to identify response to cardiac resynchronization therapy was 25%. In the validation group, strain delay index ≥25% identified 82% (18/22) of responders and 92% (12/13) of nonresponders. Among the entire population (n=100), strain delay index correlated with reverse remodeling in both the ischemic ( r =−0.68, P <0.0001) and nonischemic ( r =−0.68, P <0.0001) population. Conclusions— Use of the strain delay index with longitudinal strain by speckle tracking has a strong predictive value for predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in both ischemic and nonischemic patients.