The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparison of Transplacental Treatment of Fetal Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias With Digoxin, Flecainide, and Sotalol: Results of a Nonrandomized Multicenter Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Fetal tachyarrhythmia may result in low cardiac output and death. Consequently, antiarrhythmic treatment is offered in most affected pregnancies. We compared 3 drugs commonly used to control supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and atrial flutter (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed 159 consecutive referrals with fetal SVT (n=114) and AF (n=45). Of these, 75 fetuses with SVT and 36 with AF were treated nonrandomly with transplacental flecainide (n=35), sotalol (n=52), or digoxin (n=24) as a first-line agent. Prenatal treatment failure was associated with an incessant versus intermittent arrhythmia pattern (n=85; hazard ratio [HR]=3.1; P<0.001) and, for SVT, with fetal hydrops (n=28; HR=1.8; P=0.04). Atrial flutter had a lower rate of conversion to sinus rhythm before delivery than SVT (HR=2.0; P=0.005). Cardioversion at 5 and 10 days occurred in 50% and 63% of treated SVT cases, respectively, but in only 25% and 41% of treated AF cases. Sotalol was associated with higher rates of prenatal AF termination than digoxin (HR=5.4; P=0.05) or flecainide (HR=7.4; P=0.03). If incessant AF/SVT persisted to day 5 (n=45), median ventricular rates declined more with flecainide (-22%) and digoxin (-13%) than with sotalol (-5%; P<0.001). Flecainide (HR=2.1; P=0.02) and digoxin (HR=2.9; P=0.01) were also associated with a higher rate of conversion of fetal SVT to a normal rhythm over time. No serious drug-related adverse events were observed, but arrhythmia-related mortality was 5%. CONCLUSION: Flecainide and digoxin were superior to sotalol in converting SVT to a normal rhythm and in slowing both AF and SVT to better-tolerated ventricular rates and therefore might be considered first to treat significant fetal tachyarrhythmia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Additional support for safety has been gained from treatment of foetal arrhythmias.407”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [407]
In the citing paper
“Flecainide and sotalol can both be used for conversion of foetal arrhythmias without major adverse effects, 920”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [920]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fetal tachycardias: management and outcome of 127 consecutive cases
Simpson, J. M., & Sharland, G. K. (1998) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.79.6.576 · Cited by 307
Allan, L. D., Hornberger, L. K., & Sharland, G. K. (2000) · Cited by 223
Management outcome and follow-up of fetal tachycardia
van Engelen, A. D., Weijtens, O., Brenner, J. I., Kleinman, C. S., Copel, J. A., Stoutenbeek, P., & Meijboom, E. J. (1994) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90122-8 · Cited by 219
Amiodarone Therapy for Drug-Refractory Fetal Tachycardia
Strasburger, J. F., Cuneo, B. F., Michon, M. M., Gotteiner, N. L., Deal, B. J., McGregor, S. N., Oudijk, M. A., Meijboom, E. J., Feinkind, L., Hussey, M. A., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000109494.05317.58 · Cited by 210
Krapp, M., Kohl, T., Simpson, J. M., Sharland, G. K., Katalinic, A., & Gembruch, U. (2003) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.89.8.913 · Cited by 209
FRIEDMAN, D. M., Kim, M., Copel, J. A., Llanos, C., Davis, C., & Buyon, J. P. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.12.027 · Cited by 198
Fetal tachycardia: Mechanisms and predictors of hydrops fetalis
Naheed, Z. J., Strasburger, J. F., Deal, B. J., Benson, D. W., & Gidding, S. S. (1996) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(96)00054-x · Cited by 193
Perinatal Outcome of Fetal Atrioventricular Block
Lopes, L. M., Tavares, G. M. P., Damiano, A. P., Lopes, M. A. B., Aiello, V. D., Schultz, R., & Zugaib, M. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.735118 · Cited by 173
Sotalol in the Treatment of Fetal Dysrhythmias
Oudijk, M. A., Michon, M. M., Kleinman, C. S., Kapusta, L., Stoutenbeek, P., Visser, G. H. A., & Meijboom, E. J. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.23.2721 · Cited by 157
Atrial flutter in the perinatal age group: diagnosis, management and outcome
Lisowski, L. A., Verheijen, P. M., Benatar, A. A., Soyeur, D., Stoutenbeek, P., Brenner, J. I., Kleinman, C. S., & Meijboom, E. J. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00589-6 · Cited by 157
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS
Kirchhof, P. F., Benussi, S., Kotecha, D., Ahlsson, A., Atar, D., Casadei, B., Castellà, M., Diener, H., Heidbüchel, H., Hendriks, J., et al. (2016) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw295 · Cited by 6,438
2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS
Kirchhof, P., Benussi, S., Kotecha, D., Ahlsson, A., Atar, D., Casadei, B., Castella, M., Diener, H.-C., Heidbuchel, H., Hendriks, J., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210 · Cited by 6,418
2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS
Kirchhof, P., Benussi, S., Kotecha, D., Ahlsson, A., Atar, D., Casadei, B., Castella, M., Diener, H.-C., Heidbuchel, H., Hendriks, J., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezw313 · Cited by 1,403
Donofrio, M. T., Moon-Grady, A. J., Hornberger, L. K., Copel, J. A., Sklansky, M. S., Abuhamad, A., Cuneo, B. F., Huhta, J. C., Jonas, R. A., Krishnan, A., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d · Cited by 1,275
“will benefit from the initiation of transplacental medical therapy.(449,491) Although data are limited, fetal autoimmune-mediated”
BackgroundBrugada, J., Katritsis, D. G., Arbelo, E., Arribas, F., Bax, J. J., Blomström‐Lundqvist, C., Calkins, H. G., Corrado, D., Deftereos, S. G., Diller, G., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz467 · Cited by 1,312
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H., Conti, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.856 · Cited by 439
Brugada, J., Blom, N. A., Sarquella‐Brugada, G., Blomström‐Lundqvist, C., Deanfield, J. E., Janoušek, J., Abrams, D. J., Bauersfeld, U., Brugada, R., Drago, F., et al. (2013) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eut082 · Cited by 397
“including Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs and drug combinations.(6,7,47,61,62,90,125,132,135) –137,145,172,173”
Background2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy
Backer, J. F. A. D., Haugaa, K. H., Hasselberg, N. E., de Hosson, M., Brida, M., Castelletti, S., Cauldwell, M., Cerbai, E., Crotti, L., de Groot, N. M. S., et al. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf193 · Cited by 380
Moon‐Grady, A. J., Donofrio, M. T., Gelehrter, S. K., Hornberger, L. K., Kreeger, J. R., Lee, W., Michelfelder, E. C., Morris, S. A., Peyvandi, S., Pinto, N. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2023.04.014 · Cited by 215
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.019 · Cited by 213
Katritsis, D. G., Boriani, G., Cosio, F. G., Hindricks, G., Jaïs, P., Josephson, M. E., Keegan, R., Kim, Y.-H., Knight, B. P., Kuck, K.-H., et al. (2017) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw301 · Cited by 188
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000310 · Cited by 186
“demonstrated arrhythmia termination rates of 60% to 90%, depending on whether hydrops is present (437, 438).”
Background2023 HRS expert consensus statement on the management of arrhythmias during pregnancy
Joglar, J. A., Kapa, S., Saarel, E. V., Dubin, A. M., Görenek, B., Hameed, A. B., de Melo, S. L., Leal, M. A., Mondesert, B. A., Pacheco, L. D., et al. (2023) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.05.017 · Cited by 169
Contemporary Management of Arrhythmias During Pregnancy
Enriquez, A. D., Economy, K. E., & Tedrow, U. B. (2014) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.114.001517 · Cited by 156
“SVT is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered during pregnancy with a prevalence of 24 per 100 000 hospital admissions, and ≈20% of patients with pre-existing SVT will experience symptomatic exacerbations during pregnancy.26,27 In women without structural heart disease, paroxysmal SVT is most commonly becaus…”
BackgroundInfluentialSpecialized Delivery Room Planning for Fetuses With Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Donofrio, M. T., Levy, R. J., Schuette, J. J., Skurow-Todd, K., Sten, M.-B., Stallings, C., Pike, J. I., Krishnan, A., Ratnayaka, K., Sinha, P., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.11.029 · Cited by 145
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H., Conti, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000311 · Cited by 595
“Synchronized cardioversion is recommended for acute treatment of patients with atrial flutter who are hemodynamically unstable and do not respond to pharmacological therapies (75, 208, 356, 359).”
BackgroundDiagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmia
Wacker‐Gussmann, A., Cuneo, B. F., Wakai, R. T., & Strasburger, J. F. (2014) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1372430 · Cited by 112
Fetal and Neonatal Arrhythmias
JAEGGI, E. T., & Öhman, A. (2016) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2015.11.007 · Cited by 113
“Sotalol or digoxin is the first-line medication to treat fetal AF.(26) The treatment aim is either to suppress the arrhythmia or, if this is not achieved, to slow the ventricular rate to a more normal heart rate.”
InfluentialPrenatal screening for structural congenital heart disease
Hunter, L. E., & Simpson, J. M. (2014) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.34 · Cited by 108
Donofrio, M. T., Skurow-Todd, K., BERGER, J. T., McCarter, R., Fulgium, A., Krishnan, A. N., & Sable, C. (2015) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2015.07.005 · Cited by 100
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.019 · Cited by 100
Alsaied, T., Baskar, S., Fares, M., Alahdab, F., Czosek, R., Murad, M., Prokop, L., & Divanovic, A. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.007164 · Cited by 80
“Sotalol vs digoxin in the termination of atrial flutter.(9,24) CI indicates confidence interval; RR, relative risk.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMerino, J. L., Tamargo, J. L., Blomström‐Lundqvist, C., Boriani, G., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Dobrev, D., Goette, A., Hohnloser, S. H., Naccarelli, G. V., Reiffel, J. A., et al. (2025) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaf076 · Cited by 112
Fetal cardiac arrhythmias: Current evidence
Júnior, E., Bravo‐Valenzuela, N. J., Rocha, L., & Nardozza, L. M. M. (2018) · Annals of Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.4103/apc.apc_134_17 · Cited by 84
“Flecainide, sotalol, and amiodarone should be avoided if long-QT syndrome is suspected.[22, 29-33] Furthermore, when the VT is related to isoimmunization or myocarditis, dexamethasone, and intravenous infusion of γ-globulin (IVIG) have been used.”
MethodAntenatal Therapy for Fetal Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Miyoshi, T., Maeno, Y. V., Hamasaki, T., Inamura, N., Yasukochi, S., Kawataki, M., Horigome, H., Yoda, H., Taketazu, M., Nii, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.024 · Cited by 84
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects: echocardiography
Sun, H. Y. (2021) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-20-164 · Cited by 83
“More successful treatment options exist for fetuses with arrhythmias, who may be given transplacental or more direct injections of antiarrhythmics (73).”
Congenital heart disease, prenatal diagnosis and management
Meller, C., Grinenco, S., Aiello, H. A., Córdoba, A., Tejeira, M. S., Marantz, P. M., & Otaño, L. (2020) · Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria · doi:10.5546/aap.2020.eng.e149 · Cited by 85
Batra, A. S., Silka, M. J., Borquez, A. A., Cuneo, B. F., Dechert, B. E., JAEGGI, E. T., Kannankeril, P. J., Tabulov, C. E., Tisdale, J. E., & Wolfe, D. S. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001206 · Cited by 72
Sridharan, S., Sullivan, I. D., Tomek, V., Wolfenden, J., Skovranek, J., Yates, R., Janoušek, J., Dominguez, T. E., & Marek, J. (2016) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.03.023 · Cited by 69
High-dose flecainide is the most effective treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia
Strizek, B., Berg, C., Gottschalk, I., Herberg, U., Geipel, A., & Gembruch, U. (2016) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.01.029 · Cited by 57
Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmias
Veduță, A., Panaitescu, A. M., Ciobanu, A. M., Neculcea, D. M., Popescu, M. R., Peltecu, G. C., & Cavoretto, P. I. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10112510 · Cited by 56
“showed that flecainide was the most efficient first-line medication for fetal SVT, overall [42].”
BackgroundInfluentialSotalol as first‐line treatment for fetal tachycardia and neonatal follow‐up
van der Heijden, L. B., Oudijk, M. A., Manten, G. T. R., ter Heide, H., Pistorius, L. R., & Freund, M. W. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.12390 · Cited by 53
Transplacental treatment of fetal tachycardia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Hill, G. D., Kovach, J. R., Saudek, D. E., Singh, A. K., Wehrheim, K., & Frommelt, M. A. (2017) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.5144 · Cited by 53
“One single center study with potential overlapping patients in another multi‐center study was included due to a short overlapping period and minimal potential patient duplication.(4,8) After application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 21 studies were eligible for the meta‐ analysis (Figure 1).”
BackgroundInfluentialDiagnosis and Management of Fetal Heart Failure
Thakur, V., Fouron, J., Mertens, L., & JAEGGI, E. T. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2013.02.001 · Cited by 49
Fetal Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Management
Strasburger, J. F., Eckstein, G., Butler, M., Noffke, P., & Wacker‐Gussmann, A. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.2129 · Cited by 46
Expression of ABC Efflux Transporters in Placenta from Women with Insulin-Managed Diabetes
Anger, G. J., Cressman, A. M., & Piquette‐Miller, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035027 · Cited by 45
Postnatal Outcome in Patients With Fetal Tachycardia
Moodley, S., Sanatani, S., Potts, J. E., & Sandor, G. G. S. (2012) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-012-0392-7 · Cited by 43
Maternal risks of fetal therapy
Alrefai, A., Ryan, G., & Mieghem, T. V. (2017) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000346 · Cited by 39
Fetal Atrial Flutter: Electrophysiology and Associations With Rhythms Involving an Accessory Pathway
Wacker‐Gussmann, A., Strasburger, J. F., Srinivasan, S., Cuneo, B. F., Lutter, W. J., & Wakai, R. T. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003673 · Cited by 37
“Others have reported that the initial presentation of AFl occurs mainly during the third trimester.(3,15) They speculated that the paucity of presentation at <30 weeks’ gestation is due to the inability of the small, immature atrium to maintain a continuous atrial macroreentrant circuit.”
BackgroundFetal arrhythmias: prenatal evaluation and intrauterine therapeutics
Yuan, S., & Xu, Z. (2020) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-020-0785-9 · Cited by 36
O’Leary, E. T., Alexander, M. E., Bezzerides, V. J., Drogosz, M., Economy, K. E., Friedman, K. G., Pickard, S. S., Tworetzky, W., & Mah, D. Y. (2020) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.14406 · Cited by 35
“Flecainide can be used in cases of presumed accessory pathway‐mediated AVRT.(8) Digoxin is administered as a 1‐g oral load over 24 hours in three divided doses (eg, 0.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCarvalho, J. S. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.002 · Cited by 33
Vigneswaran, T. V., Callaghan, N., Andrews, R., Miller, O., Rosenthal, É., Sharland, G. K., & Simpson, J. M. (2014) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.07.031 · Cited by 32
Flecainide as first-line treatment for fetal supraventricular tachycardia
Ekiz, A., Kaya, B., Bornaun, H., Açar, D., Avcı, M. E., Bestel, A., & Yıldırım, G. (2017) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1286317 · Cited by 32
Page, R. L., Joglar, J. A., Caldwell, M. A., Calkins, H. G., CONTI, J. B., Deal, B. J., Estes, N. A. M., Field, M. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Hammill, S. C., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.018 · Cited by 32
Lewey, J., & Haythe, J. H. (2014) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.04.021 · Cited by 31
Malhamé, I., Gandhi, C., Tarabulsi, G., Esposito, M. A., Lombardi, K. C., Chu, A. F., & Chen, K. K. (2018) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x18808118 · Cited by 28
Fetal arrhythmias: Surveillance and management
Yuan, S. (2018) · Hellenic Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2018.12.003 · Cited by 28
Postnatal Outcomes of Fetal Supraventricular Tachycardia: a Multicenter Study
Hinkle, K. A., Peyvandi, S., Stiver, C. A., Killen, S. A. S., Weng, H. Y., Etheridge, S. P., & Puchalski, M. D. (2017) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-017-1662-1 · Cited by 27
Miyoshi, T., Maeno, Y. V., Sago, H., Inamura, N., Yasukochi, S., Kawataki, M., Horigome, H., Yoda, H., Taketazu, M., Shozu, M., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016597 · Cited by 27
EDUCATIONAL SERIES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease
Hunter, L. E., & Seale, A. N. (2018) · Echo Research and Practice · doi:10.1530/erp-18-0027 · Cited by 27
Treatment of Fetal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Zoeller, B. B. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0506-x · Cited by 23
Kpaeyeh, J. A., & Wharton, J. M. (2016) · Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccep.2016.02.007 · Cited by 24
Cardiac Etiologies of Hydrops Fetalis
Yuan, S. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie · doi:10.1055/s-0042-123825 · Cited by 23
“Transplacental treatments with antiarrhythmic agents are effective [27].”
BackgroundSuccessful in utero transesophageal pacing for severe drug-resistant tachyarrhythmia
Stirnemann, J., Maltret, A., Haydar, A., Stos, B., Bonnet, D., & Ville, Y. G. (2018) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.07.018 · Cited by 22
Flecainide in clinical practice
Basza, M., Maciejewski, C., Bojanowicz, W., Balsam, P., Grabowski, M., Mitkowski, P. P., Kempa, M., Kowalski, O., Kalarus, Z. F., Jaguszewski, M. J., et al. (2023) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2023.0018 · Cited by 22
“SVT and AFL management on 159 fetuses, flecainide was superior to other drugs, with a 59% conversion rate and median 4 days to conversion in SVT; however, contrary, sotalol was more efficient than flecainide and digoxin in AFL patients [31].”
MethodEkman‐Joelsson, B., Mellander, M., Lagnefeldt, L., & Sonesson, S. (2015) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13111 · Cited by 19
“There were no deaths in foetuses with AF or AVRT without hydrops and 16% mortality in cases with hydrops, consistent with previous studies (5,7).”
ResultMartín‐Suárez, A., Sánchez‐Hernandez, J. G., Medina-Barajas, F., Pérez‐Blanco, J. S., Lanao, J. M., Alvarez, L. G.-C., & Calvo, M. V. M. (2017) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1344096 · Cited by 19
Vaidyanathan, B., Karmegaraj, B., Namdeo, S., Sudhakar, A., Krishnan, V., & Kunjukutty, R. (2018) · Annals of Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.4103/apc.apc_102_17 · Cited by 19
“The results were comparable with the study done by Jaeggi et al.[9] The predictors of postnatal arrhythmia in our cohort includes hydrops and male sex similar to a study reported by Moodley and colleagues.”
Fetal arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment
Yuan, S. (2019) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1555804 · Cited by 19
“In fetuses with hydrops fetalis, the arrhythmia-related mortality was 17% [28].”
BackgroundInfluentialGanea, G., Cinteză, E. E., Filip, C. I., Iancu, M. A., Baltă, M. D., Vatasescu, R. G., Vasile, C. M., Cirstoveanu, C. G., & Bălgrădean, M. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13122278 · Cited by 17
“Therefore, it is essential to have proper monitoring and take necessary precautions to address such complications in an appropriate medical setting [91].”
BackgroundFetal supraventricular tachycardia, treating the baby by targeting the mother
Husain, A., Hubail, Z., & Banna, R. A. (2013) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008515 · Cited by 17
Outcomes of sustained fetal tachyarrhythmias after transplacental treatment
Bartin, R., Maltret, A., Nicloux, M., Ville, Y. G., Bonnet, D., & Stirnemann, J. (2021) · Heart Rhythm O2 · doi:10.1016/j.hroo.2021.02.006 · Cited by 16
“Indeed, Jaeggi and colleagues(10) found a slower and lower rate of cardioversion compared to other mechanisms, with a 50% rate of cardioversion under transplacental therapy.(10) More recently, a prospective study showed a higher rate of cardioversion, up to 93% for fetuses presenting flutter without hydrops.”
ResultSekarski, N., Meijboom, E. J., Bernardo, S. D., Boulos, T., & Mivelaz, Y. (2014) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-014-2316-4 · Cited by 16
Diagnosis and management of arrhythmias in pregnancy
Senarath, S., Nanayakkara, P., Beale, A. L., Watts, M., Kaye, D. M., & Nanayakkara, S. (2021) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euab297 · Cited by 18
Prenatal therapy for fetal cardiac disorders
Kumar, S., & Lodge, J. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1472224 · Cited by 15
“Hydrops occurs in approximately 13% of cases [66].”
BackgroundResultFetal Tachyarrhythmia Management from Digoxin to Amiodarone—A Review
Gozar, L., Gabor-Miklosi, D., Togănel, R., Făgărășan, A., Gozar, H., Toma, D., & Cerghit-Paler, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11030804 · Cited by 15
“also concluded that both digoxin and flecainide proved more effective than sotalol as regards conversion rates, and tachycardia rates were decreased more effectively in fetal SVT [18].”
BackgroundInfluentialTreatment, not delivery, of the late preterm and term fetus with supraventricular arrhythmia
Holmes, S., Hornberger, L. K., JAEGGI, E. T., Howley, L. W., Moon‐Grady, A. J., Uzun, O., Kaizer, A., Gilicze, O., & Cuneo, B. F. (2023) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.26239 · Cited by 14
Antiarrhythmic drugs in pregnancy
Wright, J. M., Page, R. L., & Field, M. E. (2015) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2015.1107476 · Cited by 14
“The bradycardia resolved with dose reduction.[27] With respect to use for maternal therapy, one study evaluated sotalol administration for hypertension in 12 pregnant women, starting in gestational weeks 10–31.”
BackgroundThe impact of intrauterine treatment on fetal tachycardia: a nationwide survey in Japan
Ueda, K., Maeno, Y. V., Miyoshi, T., Inamura, N., Kawataki, M., Taketazu, M., Nii, M., Hagiwara, A., Horigome, H., Shozu, M., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1350159 · Cited by 14
“reported a higher incidence of fetal hydrops and mortality in 159 cases with fetal SVT and AFL from 3 referral centers from 1998 to 2008 [6].”
BackgroundBroom, E., Thomas, J., Petersen, S., Gooi, A., Ward, C., Gardener, G. J., Kostner, K., Lee‐Tannock, A., & Kumar, S. (2021) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000519911 · Cited by 13
Hemodynamics in fetal arrhythmia
Sonesson, S., & Acharya, G. (2015) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.12837 · Cited by 13
“Most investigators define tachycardia in the fetus as a heart rate at or above 180–200 bpm and consider it incessant when it is present more than 50% of the time used for echocardiographic examination (7,8,41,42).”
BackgroundŞahin, G. T., Lewis, M., & Uzun, O. (2021) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-021-02549-6 · Cited by 13
“Re-entry is the most common mechanism of fetal tachyarrhythmias (90%) including AFL and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) [3].”
BackgroundQin, J., Deng, Z., Tang, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, R., Li, J., Hua, Y., & Li, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.935455 · Cited by 12
“Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) accounts for 90% of feta tachycardias (Jaeggi et al., 2011), originating from an accessory pathway between the atria and ventricles that creates an extra electrical circuit.”
BackgroundInfluentialDiagnosis and Management of Fetal Arrhythmias in the Current Era
Killen, S. A. S., & Strasburger, J. F. (2024) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd11060163 · Cited by 12
“Amiodarone is typically reserved for refractory tachycardia with hydrops given its significant side effect profile [19,33].”
BackgroundInfluentialZhou, K., Zhou, R., Zhu, Q., Li, Y., Wang, C., Wan, C., Mu, D., & Hua, Y. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.130 · Cited by 12
“[6,7].”
Fetal Supraventricular Tachycardia: What the Adult Cardiologist Needs to Know
Purkayastha, S., Weinreich, M. A., Fontes, J. D., Lau, J. F., Wolfe, D. S., & Bortnick, A. E. (2020) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000370 · Cited by 12
“A large case series found that digoxin and flecainide were superior in conversion of fetal reentrant SVT, while sotalol was superior for fetuses with atrial flutter.(17) Conversion to sinus rhythm at day 10 occurred in 63% of treated fetuses in SVT but only in 41% of treated atrial flutter cases.”
BackgroundInfluentialOverview of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for supraventricular tachycardia in children
Escudero, C. A., Carr, R. R., & Sanatani, S. (2013) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2012.11.008 · Cited by 12
Moatassim, S., Touleimat, S., Hazelzet, T., Brasseur, M. D., DIGUET, A., Durand, I., & Verspyck, É. (2017) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2017.11.013 · Cited by 11
Michel, M., Renaud, C., Chiu-Man, C. C., Gross, G. J., & JAEGGI, E. T. (2022) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.04.013 · Cited by 10
Strasburger, J. F. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.12576 · Cited by 10
Fetal arrhythmias: Current evidence of prenatal diagnosis and management
Miyoshi, T. (2025) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.16256 · Cited by 9
Cardiac Arrhythmias Requiring Electric Countershock during the Neonatal Period—A Systematic Review
Oeffl, N., Krainer, M., Kurath‐Koller, S., Köestenberger, M., Schwaberger, B., Urlesberger, B., & Mileder, L. P. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10050838 · Cited by 9
“The most common arrhythmias during the newborn period are as follows: (i) atrial flut-ter (AFL) (Figure 1), (ii) supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), mostly due to atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (Figure 2), and (iii) ventricular tachycardia (VT) [4].”
BackgroundLi, Y., Fang, J., Hua, Y., Wang, C., Mu, D., & Zhou, K. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/360687 · Cited by 9
“Arrhythmias of fetus especially tachyarrhythmia, which could result in myocardium ischemia [7, 30, 31].”
BackgroundRetractedMethodological Survey on Fetal ECG Extraction
M, K. S. A. (2014) · Journal of Health & Medical Informatics · doi:10.4172/2157-7420.1000169 · Cited by 9
Postnatal Outcomes in Infants With a History of Fetal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Carberry, T., Arzu, J. L., Coons, D. L., Husain, N., Gotteiner, N. L., & Webster, G. (2022) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2022.06.003 · Cited by 8
Atrial Flutter in Pediatric Patients
Drago, F., & Tamborrino, P. P. (2022) · Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccep.2022.05.005 · Cited by 8
Lederer, C. W., Koniali, L., Buerki‐Thurnherr, T., Papasavva, P. L., Grutta, S. L., Licari, A., Štaud, F., Bonifazi, D., & Kleanthous, M. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14040793 · Cited by 9
“Meanwhile in utero treatments are already applied using conventional drugs, such as for fetal arrhythmias by digoxin or sotalol [109] or for the prevention of fetal viral infection by antiretrovirals in HIV-positive women [110].”
Smeets, R. M. A., van Beynum, I. M., van Kesteren, C., Cornette, J. M. J., van der Zande, J. A., Roos‐Hesselink, J. W., Beex-Oosterhuis, M. M., & Flint, R. B. (2025) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.05.039 · Cited by 7
Sp, G., Панченко, Е. П., Mironov, N. Y., Михайловна, Б. М., Gagloeva, D. A., Elfimova, E. M., Станиславовна, К. Е., Laiovich, L. I., Litvin, A. Y., Maykov, E. B., et al. (2025) · Eurasian heart journal · doi:10.38109/2225-1685-2025-3-6-77 · Cited by 8
Woo, J. L., Khan, O., Caldarelli, L. A., & Williams, P. (2015) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00904481-20151012-09 · Cited by 7
Katritsis, D. G., Boriani, G., Cosío, F. G., Jaı̈s, P., Hindricks, G., Josephson, M. E., Keegan, R., Knight, B. P., Kück, K., Lane, D. A., et al. (2016) · Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review · doi:10.15420/aer.2016:5.3.gl1 · Cited by 7
Perinatal Care of Infants with Congenital Birth Defects
Sewell, E., & Keene, S. D. (2018) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2018.01.007 · Cited by 8
The Incremental Benefit of Color Tissue Doppler in Fetal Arrhythmia Assessment
Alvarez, S. G. V., Khoo, N. S., Colen, T., McBrien, A., Eckersley, L., Brooks, P. A., Savard, W., & Hornberger, L. K. (2018) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2018.08.009 · Cited by 7
Fetale Arrhythmien – ein Update
Gembruch, U. (2021) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-021-04887-1 · Cited by 7
Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and postnatal outcomes
Demirci, O., Tosun, Ö., & Bolat, G. (2022) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102323 · Cited by 7
Fetal Intervention for Refractory Supraventricular Tachycardia Complicated by Hydrops Fetalis
Munoz, J. L., Lewis, A. L., Song, J., & Ramsey, P. S. (2022) · Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1155/2022/5148250 · Cited by 7
“compared these three agents and concluded digoxin and Flecainide were superior to sotalol with respect to converting SVT to normal sinus [9].”
BackgroundStrzelecka, I., Respondek‐Liberska, M., Słodki, M., Zych-Krekora, K., & Cuneo, B. F. (2016) · Prenatal Cardiology · doi:10.1515/pcard-2016-0009 · Cited by 7
Morphine-induced supraventricular tachycardia in near-term fetus
Zanardo, V., Simbi, A., Parotto, M., Severino, L., Carta, R., Guerrini, P., & Straface, G. (2018) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0570-1 · Cited by 7
Can We Do a Prospective Trial for Fetal Tachycardia?
Saul, J. P., & Cain, N. B. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.059295 · Cited by 7
“Despite the varied results, this brief summary makes a few points clear: (1) No single agent is universally effective; (2) the presence of hydrops makes conversion less likely; and (3) the literature is confounded by data from only retrospective studies of series biased by physician and institutional preferences.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Jaeggi, E. T., Carvalho, J. S., De Groot, E., Api, O., Clur, S.-A. B., Rammeloo, L., McCrindle, B. W., Ryan, G., Manlhiot, C., & Blom, N. A.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- From the Hospital for Sick Children (E.T.J., B.W.M., C.M.) and Mount Sinai Hospital (G.R.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Royal Brompton and St. George's Hospitals, London, UK (J.S.C., O.A.); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (E.D.G., N.A.B.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.-A.B.C.); and Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.R.).
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2011-10-18
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1747-1754
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2096612114
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 12.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Keywords
- fetal supraventricular tachycardia, fetal atrial flutter, digoxin, flecainide, sotalol, hydrops fetalis, ventricular rate control, drug safety in pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Digoxin, Drug Evaluation, Female, Fetal Diseases, Flecainide, Humans, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Sotalol, Tachycardia, Supraventricular, Treatment Outcome, Fetal Therapies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
