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Cited by 306Birth, Development, and HealthGestational Diabetes Research and ManagementObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With Adult Offspring Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study

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Hochner, Hagit, Friedlander, Yechiel, Calderon-Margalit, Ronit, Meiner, Vardiella, Sagy, Yael, Avgil-Tsadok, Meytal, Burger, Ayala, Savitsky, Bella +2 more·2012·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.111.070060PMC PMC3332052
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Abstract

Background—: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that both maternal prepregnancy body mass index (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adult offspring adiposity. However, whether these maternal attributes are related to other cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood has not been comprehensively studied. Methods and Results—: We used a birth cohort of 1400 young adults born in Jerusalem who had extensive archival data and clinical information at 32 years of age to prospectively examine the associations of mppBMI and GWG with adiposity and related cardiometabolic outcomes. Greater mppBMI, independently of GWG and confounders, was significantly associated with higher offspring BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, insulin, and triglycerides and with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. For example, the effect sizes were translated to nearly 5 kg/m 2 higher mean BMI, 8.4 cm higher waist circumference, 0.13 mmol/L (11.4 mg/dL) higher triglycerides, and 0.10 mmol/L (3.8 mg/dL) lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among offspring of mothers within the upper mppBMI quartile (mppBMI >26.4 kg/m 2 ) compared with the lower quartile (mppBMI <21.0 kg/m 2 ). GWG, independently of mppBMI, was positively associated with offspring adiposity; differences of 1.6 kg/m 2 in BMI and 2.4 cm in waist were observed when offspring of mothers in the upper (GWG >14 kg) and lower (GWG <9 kg) quartiles of GWG were compared. Further adjustment for offspring adiposity attenuated the observed associations to the null. Conclusions—: Maternal size both before and during pregnancy is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in young adult offspring. The associations appear to be driven mainly by offspring adiposity. Future studies that explore mechanisms underlying the intergenerational cycle of obesity are warranted to identify potentially novel targets for cardiometabolic risk-reduction interventions.

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  • Maternal obesity can adversely impact newborn body composition and adiposity, which are related to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, higher cancer morbidity, and an increased mortality ratio in general.

    “Maternal obesity can have an adverse impact on newborn body composition and adiposity, which are related to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, higher cancer morbidity and an increased mortality ratio in general.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [74]

    The Discussion’s ‘Associations with offspring adiposity’ and ‘Implications’ sections link maternal prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain to offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. They do not establish an effect on newborn body composition or link offspring adiposity to cancer morbidity or increased mortality. The ‘Mechanisms underlying the observed associations’ section mentions mortality in relation to birth weight, not offspring adiposity (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The relationship between maternal obesity and increased mortality rates for cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease, in offspring is well established.

    “The relationship between maternal obesity and increased mortality rates for cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease, in offspring is well established [74].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [74]

    The Results associate higher maternal prepregnancy BMI with cardiometabolic risk factors in offspring at age 32. The Discussion (Implications) mentions myocardial infarction and stroke as potential downstream diseases but says whether the observed associations predict worse outcomes is unknown. The paper does not establish increased offspring mortality from cardiovascular events or report an association with peripheral artery disease. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Maternal obesity is associated with adverse outcomes for offspring long-term health.

    “It is well established that maternal obesity is associated with adverse outcomes for offspring long-term health.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [74]

  • Increased adiposity in offspring can explain the relationship between high maternal BMI and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

    “Increased adiposity in offspring can explain the relationship between high maternal BMI and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases [73,74,75].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [74]

  • Maternal obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction, immune alterations, and elevated cancer-related mortality in the offspring.

    “Maternal obesity has additionally been linked to cognitive dysfunction, immune alterations, and elevated cancer-related mortality in the offspring.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [74]

    The Introduction and Discussion address maternal weight in relation to offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic risk, not cognitive dysfunction, immune alterations, or cancer-related mortality. Searches for those outcomes and related terms found no passage in our copy supporting the attributed claim; the copy is not truncated. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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Authors
Hochner, H., Friedlander, Y., Calderon-Margalit, R., Meiner, V., Sagy, Y., Avgil-Tsadok, M., Burger, A., Savitsky, B., Siscovick, D. S., & Manor, O.
Affiliations
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
  • From the Braun School of Public Health (H.H., Y.F., R.C.-M., Y.S., M.A.-T., A.B., B.S., O.M.) and Department of Human Genetics (V.M.), Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (H.H., D.S.S.).
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2012-03-20
Volume
125
Issue
11
Pages
1381-1389
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/circulationaha.111.070060
PMC
PMC3332052
OpenAlex
W1982389973
Cited by
306
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 10
FWCI
28.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL088884)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA080197, R01CA80197)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
gestational weight gain, cardiometabolic risk factors, offspring adiposity, intergenerational obesity, waist circumference, blood pressure, insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, maternal obesity
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Birth Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Israel, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Adult Children, Metabolic Networks and Pathways

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