Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Pooled Prospective Study
Abstract
Background and Purpose— Few prospective studies have reported risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and results are inconsistent. We studied risk factors for ICH in a pooled cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods— The ARIC cohort was recruited in 1987 to 1989 and involves 15 792 men and women, aged 45 to 64 years at baseline, sampled from 4 US communities. The CHS cohort was recruited in 1989 to 1993 and involves 5888 men and women, aged 65 or over at baseline, sampled from 4 US communities. Baseline measurements included many potential vascular risk factors. The cohorts were followed for incident stroke events. Results— Over 263 489 person-years of follow-up, 135 incident ICH events occurred. In a multivariable model, age, African-American ethnicity (versus Whites), and hypertension were positively associated with incident ICH, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were inversely related to incident ICH. Participants with systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mm Hg had 5.55 (95% CI 3.07 to 10.0) times the rate of ICH as nonhypertensives. Sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, and diabetes were not related to ICH. Conclusions— In this pooled cohort the risk factors for ICH were older age, African-American ethnicity, hypertension, lower LDL-C, and lower triglycerides.
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Reports published in various other countries have indicated that the major risk factor for cerebral infarction, including cardiogenic cerebral embolism, is hypertension.
“Reports published in various other countries have also indicated that the major risk factor for cerebral infarction, including cardiogenic cerebral embolism, is hypertension855).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [855]
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References 56 · Cited by 364
- Authors
- Sturgeon, J. D., Folsom, A. R., Longstreth, W. T., Shahar, E., Rosamond, W. D., & Cushman, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- From the Division of Epidemiology & Community Health (J.D.S., A.R.F.), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; the Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson; the Department of Epidemiology (W.D.R.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; the Departments of Medicine and Pathology (M.C.), University of Vermont, Burlington.
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2718-2725
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2167574024
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 12.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc045133-001, n01hc085079-024, n01hc015103-009, n01hc55021-47-0-1, n01hc55020-39-0-0, n01hc55016-37-0-0, n01hc055022-024, n01hc085086-022, n01hc55019-35-0-1, n01hc55018-38-0-1, n01hc55222-0-0-0, n01hc075150-004, n01hc035129-010, n01hc55015-48-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC55022, N01-HC-55018, N01HC15103, N01 HC 55020, N01 HC 55019, N01HC‐75150, N01 HC85086, N01 HC55222, N01‐HC‐45133, N01-HC55016, U01HL080295, N01‐HC‐55015, N01-HC55021, T32 HL07779, T32HL007779, N01-HC85079, N01HC35129)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-008244)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- intracerebral hemorrhage, risk factors, hypertension, African American ethnicity, age, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, incident stroke
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Incidence, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Age Distribution, Stroke
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