The neural circuitry involved in the reading of German words and pseudowords: a PET study
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Silent reading and reading aloud of German words and pseudowords were used in a PET study using (15O)butanol to examine the neural correlates of reading and of the phonological conversion of legal letter strings, with or without meaning. The results of 11 healthy, right-handed volunteers in the age range of 25 to 30 years showed activation of the lingual gyri during silent reading in comparison with viewing a fixation cross. Comparisons between the reading of words and pseudowords suggest the involvement of the middle temporal gyri in retrieving both the phonological and semantic code for words. The reading of pseudowords activates the left inferior frontal gyrus, including the ventral part of Broca's area, to a larger extent than the reading of words. This suggests that this area might be involved in the sublexical conversion of orthographic input strings into phonological output codes. (Pre)motor areas were found to be activated during both silent reading and reading aloud. On the basis of the obtained activation patterns, it is hypothesized that the articulation of high-frequency syllables requires the retrieval of their concomitant articulatory gestures from the SMA and that the articulation of low-frequency syllables recruits the left medial premotor cortex.
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A common neural network was activated by words and pseudowords with the most consistent difference being greater activation for pseudowords, particularly in the left posterior inferior frontal cortex.
“Overall, there was a general agreement that a common neural network was activated by words and pseudowords with the most consistent difference between word types being greater activation for pseudowords, particularly in the left posterior inferior frontal cortex (Herbster et al., 1997; Hagoort et al., 1999; Fiez and Petersen, 1998; Haist et al., 2001; Xu et al., 2001).”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Hagoort et al., 1999
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References 75 · Cited by 300
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Chertkow, H., Bub, D., Beauregard, M., Hosein, C., & Evans, A. (in press). Visual and orthographic components of single word processing: A positron emission tomography study. Brain.
- Herzog, H., Seitz, R. J., Tellmann, L., Schlaug, G., & Müller-Gärt- ner, H. W. (1996). Quantitation of regional cerebral blood ow using an autoradiographic-dynamic approach in posi- tron emission tomography. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 16, 645-649.
- Indefrey, P. I., & Levelt, W. J. M. (in press). Language produc- tion. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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- Authors
- Hagoort, P., Indefrey, P., Brown, C., Herzog, H., Steinmetz, H., & Seitz, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (NL)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 1999-07-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 383-398
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2164675528
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 31.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Keywords
- reading, pseudowords, silent reading, reading aloud, German word, sublexical processing, lingual gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area, left inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, syllable frequency, articulation, neural correlates of reading
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Germany, Humans, Language, Linguistics, Oxygen Radioisotopes, Reading, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Tomography, Emission-Computed
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