Cited by 1Linguistics and language evolutionPhonetics and Phonology ResearchSyntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation

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Phonetic Reconstruction of the Consonant System of Middle Chinese via Mixed Integer Optimization

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Luo, Xiaoxi, Sun, Weiwei·2025·Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Abstract

This paper is concerned with phonetic reconstruction of the consonant system of Middle Chinese. We propose to cast the problem as a Mixed Integer Programming problem, which is able to automatically explore homophonic information from ancient rhyme dictionaries and phonetic information from modern Chinese dialects, the descendants of Middle Chinese. Numerical evaluation on a wide range of synthetic and real data demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the new method. We apply the method to information from Guǎngyùn and 20 modern Chinese dialects to obtain a new phonetic reconstruction result. A linguistically motivated discussion of this result is also provided.1

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Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. Chen, 2005, Shengyunxue [Chinese phonology] 聲韻學
  2. Chomsky, 1968, The Sound Pattern of English
  3. Dong, 2004, Hanyu Yinyunxue [Chinese Phonology] 漢語音韻學
  4. Hayes, 2011, Introductory Phonology
  5. Karlgren, 1926, Zhongguo Yinyunxue Yanjiu [Study on Chinese phonology] 中國音韻學研究
  6. Li, 1971, Shangguyin yanjiu [studies on old Chinese pronunciation] 上古音研究, The Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 1
  7. Li, 1956, Qieyun Yinxi [Phonological System of Qieyun] 切韻音系
  8. Li, 2013, Hanyu Fangyanxue Jichu Jiaocheng [Fundamentals of Chinese Dialect Studies] 漢語方言學基礎教程
  9. Norman, 1988, Chinese
  10. Pan, 2000, Hanyu LiShi Yinyunxue [Chinese Historical Phonology] 漢語歷史音韻學
  11. Shao, 1982, Qieyun Yanjiu [Studies on Qieyun] 切韻研究
  12. Junbo, 2019, Revisiting the trill in Hubei dialects, Dialect, 228
  13. Wen-Hsing Tseng . 2019. Research on the Evolution of [n-], [ȵ-]and [ȵʑ-] in Ming-Qing Rhyme Books and Rhyme Charts and Chinese Dialects 泥娘日三母於明清韻書韻圖及漢語方言的演變研究. Master’s thesis, National Chengchi University. 10.6814/THE.NCCU.CHI.001.2019.A08 · DOI
  14. Li, 1957, Hanyu Shigao [A Draft History of the Chinese Language] 漢語史稿
  15. Zhu, 2008, On liquids, Studies in Language and Linguistics, 28, 1
  16. Zihui, 1989, Hanyu Fangyin Zihui [A Pronouncing Dictionary of Han Dialects] 漢語方音字彙

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Metadata

Authors
Luo, X., & Sun, W.
Affiliations
  • Peking University (CN)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
Venue
Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Publisher
MIT Press
Published
2025
Volume
13
Pages
424-441
ISSN
2307-387X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4409881878
Cited by
1
References
28
Citations by year
2025: 1
FWCI
3.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and language evolution
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Keywords
Middle Chinese, phonetic reconstruction, consonant system, mixed integer programming, homophones, modern Chinese dialects, Guangyun, historical phonology

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