The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 31 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context
Open accessAbstract
<section class="abstract">Abstract A widely-known painting currently in the Wellcome Library (Iconographic 574912i) depicts an anatomical view of the male human body according to the tenets of classical Indian medicine, or ayurveda. The painting is surrounded by text passages in the Sanskrit language on medical and anatomical topics. In this paper, the Sanskrit texts are identified, edited, translated and assessed. I establish a terminus a quo for the painting, and explore the relationship of text and image. </section>
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Claims the paper makes
37 No basis given · 29 Sources not found · 25 Own interpretation · 10 Own result · 8 Not checked yet
In the paper
“The edition gives no account of the manuscript sources on which it is based.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > The texts
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The project was was initiated under the patronage of the Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal from 1885 to 1901.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But although the medical texts discuss and describe many topics that would lend themselves to illustration, such as intricate surgery, human anatomy, and medical botany, no images related to these or any other subjects are to be found in the manuscripts of these works.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, the colours and condition are fresher than would be the case if the painting had been exposed for two centuries.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the sections below show, the textual quality of the extracts from the Bhāvaprakāśa is poor.In each short passage there are 20 or more errors.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The Kathmandu botanical paintings were a collaborative project between a learned physician and a group of artists for whom painting was a caste skill.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The connection with Tibetan medical painting is clear to inspection: see Fig. 2, and compare the treatment of hands and feet, their outward rotation, the elbow and knee joints, overall posture, etc.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Tradition and textuality
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet extensive cataloguing and searches in this wealth of manuscripts has turned up almost no pre-modern images of any kind.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The artist, presumably collaborating with or under the instruction of a physician, produced an image that charts the organs and vessels of the ayurvedic medical body according to the Sanskrit medical textual tradition.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Introduction
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The painter of the Ayurvedic Man worked alongside or under the direction of a physician.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The passages of the Bhāvaprakāśa used to accompany the Ayurvedic Man image are drawn from the third chapter (prakaran .a), that deals with embryology and anatomy.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 71
- It may state two separate claims as one. 49
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second passage is taken from a description of the formation and metabolism of blood, a description that is itself part of a larger enumeration of the seven elements”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first part of this text, in its location at v. 198, is part of the Bhāvaprakāśa's description of semen.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The painting is surrounded by text passages in the Sanskrit language on medical and anatomical topics.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The anatomical identity of the 'webs' (jāla) is uncertain.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It is a direct quotation from the Suśrutasam .hitā, that has the verse at śārīrasthāna, adhyāya 9, v. 11 with :”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Notes on readings
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ācārya 1915
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other examples of this particular type of image are at present unknown.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The subject of verse 80ab, continuing from 79cd, is the spleen.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A widely-known painting currently in the Wellcome Library (Iconographic 574912i) depicts an anatomical view of the male human body according to the tenets of classical Indian medicine, or ayurveda.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“The painting is uniquely important because it presents an interpretation of the interior of the human body as understood by practitioners of ayurveda, the medical system originating in early South Asia.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Abstract
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“This album was produced in Kathmandu, and thus shares at least the general location with our present painting, even if the date is about two hundred years later.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trail of the painting's provenance stops abruptly in London in 1986, so that avenue of investigation into its production and use is unfortunately closed to us.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At least 16 editions were published between 1855 and 1998, and older editions continue to be reprinted.14”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The passage of which it forms part is a list of the locations and receptacles in the body of various substances.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is not just a variant reading, of course, but a replacement word for an elided pāda.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The extract from v. 217 is incomplete.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dittography.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The series of paintings was never published, and their fate remains unknown at the present time.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The text passages that frame this body image are excerpts from a sixteenth-century ayurvedic work called the Bhāvaprakāśa, by the author Bhāva Miśra, son of Lat .akana.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“But in a short article written some years ago, I drew attention to an account of the production of an series of ayurvedic botanical paintings that was prepared in about 1907.18”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Manuscript copies are abundant in libraries in South Asia and abroad.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exact referent of the pupphusa (v.80cd) is not completely clear.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The texts are mostly in verse, but the line-division in the painting does not reflect the verse structure.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > The texts
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Once again, verses that are widely separated in this chapter of the Bhāvaprakāśa are reproduced in the painting without their original contexts.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is related -but not identicalto Vāgbhat .a's As .t .ā ṅgahr .dayasam .hitā, ch. 2 Śārīrasthāna, v. 11 Kum .t .e and Navare 1902, p. 198.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kum .t .e and Navare 1902
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This verse explains that the receptacles listed occur in men and women, and that there are three further receptacles -breasts and uterus -in the bodies of women.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The extracts are taken from chapter 3 of the work, that deals with anatomy and embryology.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are many errors.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Between them, they produced texts that are riddled with errors and incoherent in terms of selection and placement.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Verse 270ab is a continuation of the list of orifices begun in Text I.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The single-word labels that appear on various parts of the body image are often hard or impossible to read.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > The texts
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Verse 279 uses the same word for both 'cook' and 'mature'.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This passage represents Bhāvaprakāśa, p ūrvakhan .d .a, bhāga 1, prakaran .a 3 garbhaprakaran .a, verses 213, 217 (KSS, p. 54).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The word order in the KSS edition is: ' Ú Ú '”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In October 1986, the Wellcome Library in London acquired the painting shown in Fig. 1 from an art dealer in London.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the KSS edition, this is the first half of the pāda whose second half is the first line of text H.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, they are often not in Sanskrit, but in bhās .ā, i.e., a vernacular derivative of Sanskrit.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > The texts
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Bhāvamiśra cited scores of earlier authorities and his work was has remained influential right up to the present time, when it forms part of the standard degree syllabus at Ayurvedic colleges across India.15”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [15]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The large sinews are called tendons and there are sixteen of them.Their purpose is observed to be extension and contraction.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Legs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The location of wind is green, but no colour is attached to wind in the Bhāvaprakāśa (e.g, prakaran .a 3, vv.102-19).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Each of the eyes, ears and nose has two obvious orifices.The mouth, urinary organ and rectum is each said to have one orifice.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Legs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Bhāvamiśra's account, these receptacles are arranged vertically in the body, starting with the receptacle for chest-blood, below which is that of phlegm, then raw matter, cooked food, and the organ called that is also the receptacle of the digester.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“MIA and NIA terms have been checked in Turner 1966-85, but no pattern of linguistic or geographic distribution is obvious.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Turner 1966-85
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Above that is the organ called , sometimes translated 'lung'.This is a difficult word to explain, and it refers to an organ that is difficult to identify.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The labels are translated where possible.Some are in Sanskrit, but several are in Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) or New-Indo Aryan (NIA).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“When the breasts are engorged, they are thought of as the receptacles for breast milk.44”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The location of phlegm is red, which contradicts Bhāvaprakāśa prakaran .a 3, v. 126, where it is described as white.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appears to be a genuine variant, rather than scribal error.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Legs
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Early ayurvedic literature does not make it clear either that their identity or their involvement in respiration were recognized.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Below the is the receptacle of wind.Below that is the receptacle of cooked food, and the same is the case for the receptacle of impurities.Below that is the bladder, the receptacle for urine.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women's bodies, the womb or receptacle for the foetus lies between the receptacles of bile and digested food.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This passage represents Bhāvaprakāśa, p ūrvakhan .d .a, bhāga 1, prakaran .a 3 garbhaprakaran .a, from verses 270, 273 and 279 (KSS, p. 70).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Legs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The receptacle of fire is above the navel, in a central location.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Bhāvaprakāśa adds the following receptacles: 39 u receptacle of chest-blood Ê receptacle of the digester a receptacle of fire and in the female body receptacles of breast milk”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But if taken as a misreading for , then it would be evidence that the scribe could not possibly know Sanskrit.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The scholar was not a great expert in the Sanskrit texts, and the scribe was apparently ignorant of Sanskrit.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The earliest setting of the verse is in the summary of a chapter about pipes ( ), 26 and its general meaning appears to be that the pipes are what connect the internal person to the external world of material objects, via his five senses, for the duration of his life.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Notes on readings
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Neither organ is involved in breathing.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [29]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the image is related to Tibetan images showing moxibustion and bloodletting points, and these are only relevant to a living being.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The argument is that life is fully present in the blood of the body in its pristine and original state.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Bhāva Miśra wrote his encyclopaedic compendium of ayurvedic medicine between 1550-1590, probably in north India.12”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Theoretically, the painting of the Ayurvedic Man could have been produced at an earlier period, and the text added later, but the tight integration of text and image makes this unlikely.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Its Sanskrit is generally correct, as is usual with KSS editions, although its relationship to the manuscripts on which the text is based is not transparent.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > The texts
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The KSS edition's Sanskrit is generally correct and suitable as the base for translation.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The right 'lung' is called kloman.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clearly this verse has been problematic for many centuries.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Notes on readings
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For such a person, the texts might have been recognisable, and would have been sufficient to bring the correct verses to the memory of the physician-scholar.For others, the verses would have been more or less unintelligible, and would have appeared as a collection of relevant lexical items in a general syntactic sequence broadly suggestive of anatomical significance.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The identification of the painting's text passages as citations from the Bhāvaprakāśa does, however, provide us with a definite terminus post quem for the painting.It cannot have been produced before the late sixteenth century.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The painting is flat and shows no signs of having been rolled up, so it was presumably intended for display.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The purpose of verses 130 and 131 is to give definitions of two of the sub-types of phlegm, namely 'prop' and 'saliva'.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To conclude, the Ayurvedic Man is an image painted no earlier than about 1700, on which have been written extracts from the classic ayurvedic work called Bhāvaprakāśa by Bhāvamiśra (fl.ca.1650-1690).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several elements in the above account suggest patterns of production that are plausible in relation to the anatomical painting under discussion here.A rich, perhaps royal, patron who initiates the project.A physician who is also a scholar of Sanskrit and ayurveda.And one or more painters of the Citrakara community.Finally, a calligrapher or scribe.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
hedgedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The painter of the Ayurvedic Man worked alongside or under the direction of a physician.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It means 'lung' but not necessarily one of a pair of symmetrical organs.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The addendum to the first passage is an aside addressing a concern that if life is present in blood, then blood-letting might be dangerous.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But blood can become corrupted and old, and then blood-letting is worthwhile.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“I have presented discussion elsewhere to show that this painting is a Nepalese production, directly influenced by Tibetan traditions of illustrating bloodletting points.10”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Tradition and textuality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Being 'of the nature of Soma', mentioned in verse 131, means that they share the qualities and values of wetness, vegetation, coolness, and invigoration.This is in contrast to the polar opposite value of fieriness or being of the nature of Agni.27”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the extracts are connected with physiology and anatomy, but do not function as tightly-integrated labels to the body image, but rather as reflections on related anatomical issues.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is likely to be a saut du même au même from Ú to Ú in v. 215, with 'Ú ' being a semantically valid alternate reading for ' ' in the original.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These four verses were selected to give an account of how the five senses are connected to their objects, and then to give a series of five technical names each for types of wind, bile and phlegm (the three fundamental humours of ayurveda).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Notes on readings
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 'living' eyes would suggest that it is the latter.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The high density of erroneous readings makes it impossible, in my view, that these texts could have been read and understood by someone without a pre-existing knowledge of the text.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“It is also worth considering the possibility of a lexical connection with 'heart' from the Persian dil, either by historical etymology or by horizontal contamination in the medieval period.43”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This passage establishes that the Suśrutasam .hitā does not use a concept of fluid circulation, but rather works with a system of centripetal fluid distribution starting from the navel.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In ayurvedic anatomy, the two lungs have different names, pupphusa and kloman.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The tila may be connected rather with the body's heat, or else moisture and thirst, or else the secretions of the blood.41”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In the same chapter, the Suśrutasam .hitā presents two important metaphors, one agricultural and one botanical, to describe the flow of these fluids in the body through the 700 ducts, starting from their root in the navel:”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [36]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For comparison, the Suśrutasam .hitā enumerates seven receptacles (āśayas) in the male body,”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This accords with the parallel concept of phlegm in the Greek tradition as a yellow choler (structurally opposed in Aristotelian humoral theory to black bile or Gk.melancholia).”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Historical phonology and the law of mora permit the suggestion that may be connected with 'yellow'.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Das 2003, p. 77, n. 249 did correctly note that, 'there are several text passages on the sides of the diagram.Those I attempted to identify were all found in [the Bhāvaprakāśa]. . ..'”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Legs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Das 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Menstrual blood (rajas) is the female analogue of male sperm; it is the fertile contribution of the woman to the child's conception.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Remarks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“By comparison, the Suśrutasam .hitā describes the ducts (śirā) that transport fluids in the body as being coloured according to what they carry: those carrying wind are tawny, those carrying bile are dark blue, those carrying phlegm are white, and those carrying blood are red:”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“It is possible that the word is explainable as a derivative of an Indo-Aryan reconstructed word *tilikā that also accounts for a NIA cognate series meaning 'spleen '.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The top joints of the fingers are labelled .Perhaps this stands for which has a lexical meaning of 'fore-finger' but perhaps could be understood as 'top joint of the finger'.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Left hand
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The painter of the Ayurvedic Man worked alongside or under the direction of a physician.
“The artist, presumably collaborating with or under the instruction of a physician,”
The paper relies on this without support.
Before this study, no one had fully and systematically identified, edited, and translated the texts around the Ayurvedic Man.
“While some progress has thus been made with identifying the stylistic influences affecting the painting, the texts surrounding the Ayurvedic Man image have not previously been systematically and completely identified, edited and translated.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The KSS edition's Sanskrit is generally correct and suitable as the base for translation.
“Its Sanskrit is generally correct, as is usual with KSS editions, although its relationship to the manuscripts on which the text is based is not transparent.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
“Their root is the navel.From there, they spread out upwards, downwards and horizontally.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Face Transcription
“a system of centripetal fluid distribution starting from the navel.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Ayurvedic man's texts
“Bhāva Miśra wrote his encyclopaedic compendium of ayurvedic medicine between 1550-1590, probably in north India.”
§ A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context > Reflections and conclusions
“Bhāvaprakāśa by Bhāvamiśra (fl.ca.1650-1690).”
Citations
Cites
A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages
B., E., & Turner, R. L. (1967) · Journal of the American Oriental Society · doi:10.2307/597454 · Cited by 356
Bronkhorst, J. (2007) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/ej.9789004157194.i-416 · Cited by 315
A History of Indian Philosophy.
Briggs, G. W., & Dasgupta, S. (1932) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2016981 · Cited by 200
A History of Indian Medical Literature
Meulenbeld, G. J., Caraka, Suśruta, & Vāgbhaṭa, T. C. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 196
The Book in Japan: A Cultural History from the Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century
Heinrich, A. V., & Kornicki, P. F. (2000) · Journal of Japanese Studies · doi:10.2307/133279 · Cited by 172
Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China
(2005) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/california/9780520231269.001.0001 · Cited by 170
Hoenigswald, H. Μ. (1967) · The Journal of Asian Studies · doi:10.2307/2051298 · Cited by 170
A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary
Lisker, L., Burrow, T., & Emeneau, M. B. (1962) · Journal of the American Oriental Society · doi:10.2307/596004 · Cited by 163
Steingass, F. J. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 143
(2007) · Cited by 128
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Ācārya, Yādavaśarma Trivikrama (ed.) 1915, Suśrutasam . hitā, Suśrutena viracitā, Vaidyavaraśrīd . alhan . ācāryaviracitayā Nibandhasam . grahākhyavyākhyayā samulla- sitā, Ācāryopāhvena Trivikramātmajena Yādavaśarman . ā sam . śodhitā, Mum- bayyām . : Nirn . ayasāgaramudrāyantrālaye.
- Burrow, Thomas and Murray B. Emeneau 1984, A Dravidian Etymological Dictio- nary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd edition.
- Kornicki, P. F. 2003, 'Japanese medical books and illustrations', in Allan, Nigel (ed.), Pearls of the Orient: Asian Treasures from the Wellcome Library, London and Chicago: Serindia Publications, 194-209.
- Kum . t . e, Ananta Moreśvara and Kr . s . n . aśāstrī Rāmacandra Navare (eds.) 1902, As . t . ā ṅgahr . dayam, śrīmadvāgbhat . aviracitam, s ūtra-śārīra-nidāna-cikitsā-kalpa- uttarasthānavibhaktam śrīmadarun . adattapran . ītayā sarvām . gasum . daryākhyayā vyā- khyayā samalam . kr . tam, number 3 in Kr . s . n . adāsa Āyurveda Sīrīja, Mum . bayyām: Nirn . ayasāgara Press.
- Muralīdharaśarman (ed.) 1895-1899, ŚrīDhanvantaribhāgavatasamupadis . t . ā, tacchis . yen . a Suśrutena viracitā Suśrutasam . hitā, Ārogyasudhākarasampādakena pharrukhanagaranivāsinā pam . d . ita Muralīdharaśarman . ā rājavaidyena sānvaya- sat . ippan . ikāsapariśis . t . ayā bhās . āt . īkayā sam . bh ūs . itā, Mumbayyam: Khemarāja Śrīkr . s . n . adāsa at Śrīve ṅkat . eśvara Press.
- Śāstrī, Brahmaśa ṅkara and R ūpalāla Jī Vaiśyah . (eds.) 1960, ŚrīmadBhāvamiśra- pran . ītah . Bhāvaprakāśah . Savivaran . a 'Vidyotinī' Hindīvyākhyāpariśis . t . asahitah . .
- vyākhyākārah . Brahmaśa ṅkara Śāstrī Vivaran . akārah . vanaspativiśes . ajñah . R ūpalāla Jī Vaiśyah . , volume 130 of Kāśī Sam . skr . ta Granthamālā, Varanasi: Caukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 4th edition, 2v.
- Śāstri, Hara Prasād 1905, 1915, A Catalogue of Palm-leaf and Selected Paper MSS. Belonging to the Durbar Library Nepal, volume 1 and 2, Calcutta: Baptist Mis- sion Press.
- Śāstrī, Paraśurāma (ed.) 1931, Dāmodaras ūnu Śār ṅgadharācāryaviracitā Śār ṅga- dharasam . hitā. Bhis . agvar Ād . hamallaviracitadīpikāKāśīrāmavaidyaviracitag ūd . h- ārthadīpikābhyām . , t . īkābhyām . , sam . valitā, Mum . bai: Nirn . ayasāgara Press, 2nd edition.
- Shumin, Wang, Vivienne Lo and Zhang Jiawei (eds.) 2007, Xing xiang Zhong yi: Zhong yi li shi tu xiang yan jiu = Imagining Chinese Medicine: A Visual His- tory, Beijing: Ren min wei sheng, translators: Zhou Zhaoxi, Zhou Xun and Penelope Barrett. Srikantha Murthy, K. R. 1998-2000, Bhāvaprakāśa of Bhāvamiśra (Text, En- glish Translation, Notes, Appendeces [sic], and Index), Varanasi:
- Wujastyk, Dominik 1993, 'Indian Medicine', in Bynum, W. F. and Roy Porter (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine, volume 1, chapter 33, London: Routledge, 755-78.
- Wujastyk, Dominik 2004b, 'Medicine, Indian', in Horowitz, Maryanne Cline (ed.), The New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, volume 4, Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1410-12.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hiding in Plain Sight‐ancient Chinese anatomy
Shaw, V., Diogo, R., & Winder, I. C. (2020) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24503 · Cited by 47
“As a discipline, anatomy tends to be much more famil- iar with ancient Greek texts than with those from India, China, or Persia.”
BackgroundInterpreting the Image of the Human Body in Premodern India
Wujastyk, D. (2009) · International Journal of Hindu Studies · doi:10.1007/s11407-009-9077-0 · Cited by 44
“(Shankar and Manohar 1995, 104) 10 For an account of the formation of Indian government policy regarding education in ayurveda see Wujastyk (2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters
Patwardhan, K. (2012) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00123.2011 · Cited by 36
Bygone theatres of events: A history of human anatomy and dissection
Brenna, C. T. A. (2021) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24764 · Cited by 35
“In South Asia, where Ayurvedic tradition gave rise to a plenitude of medical and anatomical manuscripts written in Sanskrit (Wujastyk, 2008), there is evidence that human dissection may have begun in a limited setting at the same time or earlier.”
BackgroundOf the China Root: A Case Study of the Early Modern Circulation of Materia Medica
Winterbottom, A. E. (2014) · Social History of Medicine · doi:10.1093/shm/hku068 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Wujastyk, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wujastyk, Dominik
- ORCID
- Wujastyk, Dominik
- Venue
- Asian Medicine
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 201-248
- ISSN
- 1573-420X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-4218
- PMC
- PMC2772122
- OpenAlex
- W2064353821
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Asian Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (066401)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History of Medicine Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Keywords
- Ayurveda, Sanskrit medical texts, text-image relationship, Sanskrit translation, history of medicine
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- The paper
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