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Five Hundred Years of European Colonization: Inequality and Paths of Development
Abstract
There has long been debate over the impact of the European establishment of colonies around the world that took place over centuries, beginning in the 1400s. One of the most fundamental consequences of European colonization may have been in altering the composition of the populations in the societies colonized. Colonies, as institutions, are a blend of the roles of the colonial power and of the resource and endowment base of the colonized areas. Although more study is needed to identify all of the mechanisms at work, it seems clear that colonies in the Americas with extreme inequality, as compared to those with relative equality, were systematically more likely to evolve institutions that restricted access to economic opportunities and to generate lower rates of public investment in schools and other infrastructure considered conducive to growth. Keywords:Americas; economic opportunities; European colonization; inequality
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“One of the two theories, sometimes called the «crop theory», emphasises the potential value of land for cash crop production, provided scarce labour could be harnessed for the purpose (Engerman and Sokoloff 2013).”
From THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA (1858-1947) (2016) · cites this paper as Engerman and Sokoloff 2013
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THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA (1858-1947)
Roy, T. (2016) · Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History · doi:10.1017/s0212610915000336 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Engerman, S. L., & Sokoloff, K. L.
- Venue
- Settler Economies in World History
- Publisher
- BRILL
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Pages
- 65-103
- OpenAlex
- W1510340787
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BRILL eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Development › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Social Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Keywords
- European colonization, colonialism, inequality, economic development, institutions, access to economic opportunities, public investment in education, infrastructure, resource endowment, long-run economic growth
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Five Hundred Years of European Colonization: Inequality and Paths of Development. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1163/9789004232655_005
- The paper
- Engerman, S. L., & Sokoloff, K. L. (2013). Five Hundred Years of European Colonization: Inequality and Paths of Development. Settler Economies in World History. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004232655_005
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
