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Between Occultism and Nazism: Anthroposophy and the Politics of Race in the Fascist Era
Abstract
The relationship between Nazism and occultism has been an object of fascination and speculation for decades. Peter Staudenmaier's Between Occultism and Nazism provides a detailed historical examination centered on the anthroposophist movement founded by Rudolf Steiner. Its surprising findings reveal a remarkable level of Nazi support for Waldorf schools, biodynamic farming, and other anthroposophist initiatives, even as Nazi officials attempted to suppress occult tendencies. The book also includes an analysis of anthroposophist involvement in the racial policies of Fascist Italy. Based on extensive archival research, this study offers rich material on controversial questions about the nature of esoteric spirituality and alternative cultural ideals and their political resonance.
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In the citing paper
“Two days later, Wachsmuth and his two colleagues on the board of the General Anthroposophical Society, Albert Steffen and Marie Steiner, sent a letter to Hitler requesting that the decision be overturned.”
From Anthroposophy and Racism (2025) · cites this paper as Staudenmaier 2014: 112
In the citing paper
“Massimo Scaligero was an Anthroposophist and a prolific author on racial topics during the fascist period.”
From Anthroposophy and Racism (2025) · cites this paper as Staudenmaier 2014: 300
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
New Approaches to the Study of Esotericism
Asprem, E., & Strube, J. (2021) · doi:10.1163/9789004446458 · Cited by 63
Hansson, S. O. (2025) · AURA - Tidsskrift for akademiske studier av nyreligiøsitet · doi:10.31265/aura.791
Metadata
- Authors
- Staudenmaier, P.
- Corresponding author
- Staudenmaier, Peter
- ORCID
- Staudenmaier, Peter
- Venue
- BRILL eBooks
- Publisher
- BRILL
- Published
- 2014-04-03
- OpenAlex
- W4231731825
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BRILL eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › European history and politics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Scientific and Historical Analyses
- Keywords
- occultism, National Socialism, Rudolf Steiner, Waldorf schools, biodynamic agriculture, Nazi racial policy, Fascist Italy
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Between Occultism and Nazism: Anthroposophy and the Politics of Race in the Fascist Era. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1163/9789004270152
- The paper
- Staudenmaier, P. (2014). Between Occultism and Nazism: Anthroposophy and the Politics of Race in the Fascist Era. BRILL eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004270152