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Mycelium Composites: A Review of Engineering Characteristics and Growth Kinetics
Open accessAbstract
Mycelium composites comprise of networks of filamentous hyphae, utilising biological growth rather than expensive energy intensive manufacturing processes to convert low-cost organic wastes into economically viable and environmentally friendly materials. Although generally characterised as polymer grade foams and used primarily for limited packaging and construction applications, the mechanical performance of these materials varies significantly and is governed by hyphal architecture, cell wall composition, composite constituents and growth kinetics which are in turn influenced by inherent and exogenous factors. A range of potential applications have been proposed including acoustic dampers, super absorbents, paper, textiles, structural and electronic parts. Limited research, inconclusive data and the proposed applications and feasibility suggest that further investigation is warranted.
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“They are made by natural growth of living myceliumforming fungal micro-organisms on natural fibres rich in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose (Abdul Khalil et al., 2016;Jones et al., 2017).”
From Packaging design for the circular economy: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as Jones et al., 2017
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Engineered mycelium composite construction materials from fungal biorefineries: A critical review
Jones, M. P., Mautner, A., Luenco, S., Bismarck, A., & John, S. (2019) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108397 · Cited by 634
Self-citationAppels, F. V. W., Camere, S., Montalti, M., Karana, E., Jansen, K., Dijksterhuis, J., Krijgsheld, P., & Wösten, H. (2019) · Materials & Design (1980-2015) · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.027 · Cited by 443
“Studies indicate that, like pure mycelium, properties of the mycelium composites depend on the fungus, substrate, growth conditions, and processing of the material, as well as its additives [18].”
BackgroundMushroom cultivation in the circular economy
Grimm, D., & Wösten, H. A. B. (2018) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9226-8 · Cited by 516
“2017), to make biofuel production more effectively (Phan and Sabaratnam 2012), to produce materials (Jones et al. 2017; Islam et al. 2017; Appels et al. 2018), and to extract enzymes for industries and bioremediation (Phan and Sabaratnam 2012).”
InfluentialElsacker, E. V., Vandelook, S., Brancart, J., Peeters, E., & Laêt, L. D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213954 · Cited by 453
“The potential benefits of this material in the field of architecture and construction have hardly been investigated so far [8].”
BackgroundMaterials design by synthetic biology
Tang, T., An, B., Huang, Y., Vasikaran, S., Wang, Y., Jiang, X., Lu, T. K., & Zhong, C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-020-00265-w · Cited by 406
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, M., Huynh, T., Dekiwadia, C., Daver, F., & John, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Bionanoscience
- Publisher
- American Scientific Publishers
- Published
- 2017-08-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 241-257
- ISSN
- 1557-7910 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2745793211
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Bionanoscience (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Foaming and Composites
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Fungal Biology and Applications
- Keywords
- mycelium-based composites, fungal biomass, mechanical properties, organic waste valorization, polymer foams, acoustic dampers, superabsorbent, biocomposites, cell wall composition
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