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Estimates of L:M cone ratio from ERG flicker photometry and genetics
Abstract
Estimates of L:M cone ratio for males with normal color vision were derived using the flicker-photometric electroretinogram (ERG). These were obtained by best fitting ERG spectral sensitivity functions to a weighted sum of long (L)- and middle (M)-wavelength-sensitive cone spectral absorption curves. Using the ERG, measurements can be made with extremely high precision, which leaves variation in the wavelength of maximal sensitivity (lambda(max)) of the cone photopigments as the major remaining source of inaccuracy in determining the ratio of cone contributions. Here that source of inaccuracy was largely eliminated through the use of individualized L-cone spectral absorption curves deduced from L-pigment gene sequences. The method was used on 62 normal males as part of an effort to obtain a true picture of how normal variations in L:M cone ratio are distributed. The percentage of L cones in the average eye was 65%L [where %L = 100 X L / (L+M)]. There were huge individual differences ranging from 28%-93%L, corresponding to more than a 30-fold range in L:M ratio (0.4-13). However, the most extreme values were relatively rare; 80% of the subjects fell within +/-15 %L of the mean, corresponding to a 4-fold range in L:M ratio (1-4). The method remedies major weaknesses inherent in earlier applications of flicker photometry to estimate cone ratio; however, it continues to depend on the assumption that the average L cone produces a response with an identical amplitude to that of the…
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“there is complete overlap between hybrid pigments mediating color vision in people with normal color vision and in people with red-green color vision deficiencies, although the frequencies of some hybrids are higher in color deficiency compared to normal trichromacy (Carroll et al., 2002, Crognale, Teller, Motulsky & Deeb, 1998, Neitz et al., 1996, Sharpe et al., 1998, Winderickx et al., 1993).”
From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Carroll et al., 2002
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“the magnitude of the spectral shifts are larger in L than in M pigments”
From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Carroll et al., 2002
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“Exon 4 specifies dimorphisms at three amino acid positions, 230, 233 and 236, two of which have an identified role in spectral tuning.”
From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Carroll et al., 2002
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“Pigments with isoleucine at position 230 and alanine at position 233 are red shifted compared to pigments with threonine 230 and isoleucine 233”
From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Carroll et al., 2002
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The genetics of normal and defective color vision
Neitz, J., & Neitz, M. (2011) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.002 · Cited by 377
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carroll, J., Neitz, J., & Neitz, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Vision
- Published
- 2002-11-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1-1
- ISSN
- 1534-7362
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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