The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia in 5060 Chinese University Students in Shanghai
Abstract
PURPOSE: Myopia is an important cause of correctable visual impairment worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. The population of Chinese university students consists of approximately 30 million young people characterized by academic excellence and similar ages. To date, little is known about their refractive status. Our study is designed to investigate the prevalence of myopia in this specific population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of myopia among university students in Shanghai, China; 5083 students from Donghua University were enrolled. All participants first responded to a detailed questionnaire, including questions on ethnicity, birth date, and family history, and then undertook a standardized ophthalmologic examination, including visual acuity, a slit-lamp examination, and non-cycloplegic autorefraction. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the university students was -4.1 diopters (D). Of the subjects 95.5% were myopic (SER < -0.50 D), 19.5% were highly myopic (SER < -6.0 D), and only 3.3% were emmetropic (-0.5 D ≤ SER ≤ 0.5 D). The postgraduates were more myopic than the undergraduates (96.9% and 94.9%, respectively). Being female (-4.1 ± 2.4 D in female versus -3.8 ± 2.4 D in male subjects), of Han ethnicity (-4.1 ± 2.4 D in Han versus -3.4 ± 2.2 D in minorities), and of older age were associated with a higher probability of myopia only in the undergraduate population. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in this university student population was high. The refractive status of this population deserves further attention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Outdoor Activity Reduces the Prevalence of Myopia in Children
Rose, K. A., Morgan, I. G., Ip, J., Kifley, A., Huynh, S., Smith, W., & Mitchell, P. (2008) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.019 · Cited by 1,335
Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia
Pan, C., Ramamurthy, D., & Saw, S. (2012) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x · Cited by 899
Prevalence of Myopia in Taiwanese Schoolchildren: 1983 to 2000
Lin, L., Shih, Y., Hsiao, C., & Chen, C. (2004) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v33n1p27 · Cited by 837
Refractive Error and Visual Impairment in Urban Children in Southern China
He, M., Zeng, J., Liu, Y., Xu, J., Pokharel, G. P., & Ellwein, L. B. (2004) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1051 · Cited by 788
(2002) · PubMed · Cited by 735
Role of Near Work in Myopia: Findings in a Sample of Australian School Children
Ip, J. M., Saw, S.-M., Rose, K. A., Morgan, I. G., Kifley, A., Wang, J. J., & Mitchell, P. (2008) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0804 · Cited by 595
Refractive error study in children: results from Shunyi District, China
Zhao, J., Pan, X., Sui, R., Munoz, S. R., Sperduto, R. D., & Ellwein, L. B. (2000) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00452-3 · Cited by 583
Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi.
Murthy, G. V. S., Gupta, S., Ellwein, L. B., Muñoz, S., Pokharel, G. P., Sanga, L., & Bachani, D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 556
Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population.
Katz, J., Tielsch, J. M., & Sommer, A. H. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 435
Guggenheim, J. A., Northstone, K., McMahon, G., Ness, A. R., Deere, K., Mattocks, C., Pourcain, B. S., & Williams, C. (2012) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9091 · Cited by 426
Refractive Error and Visual Impairment in School Children in Rural Southern China
He, M., Huang, W., Zheng, Y., Huang, L., & Ellwein, L. B. (2007) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.08.020 · Cited by 398
Refractive Errors in an Elderly Japanese Population
Sawada, A., Tomidokoro, A., Araie, M., Iwase, A., & Yamamoto, T. (2008) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.03.075 · Cited by 385
Prevalence of Myopia in Urban and Rural Children in Mainland China
He, M., Zheng, Y., & Xiang, F. (2009) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3181940719 · Cited by 209
Ip, J. M., Huynh, S. C., Robaei, D., Kifley, A., Rose, K. A., Morgan, I. G., Wang, J. J., & Mitchell, P. (2008) · Eye · doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702701 · Cited by 201
Family history, near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children
Low, W., Dirani, M., Gazzard, G., Chan, Y.-H., Zhou, H.-J., Selvaraj, P., Au Eong, K.-G., Young, T. L., Mitchell, P., Wong, T.-Y., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2009.173187 · Cited by 173
Myopia Development in Childhood
Zadnik, K. (1997) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1997.tb04771.x · Cited by 162
Lu, B. (2009) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.105 · Cited by 161
Kinge, B., Midelfart, A., Jacobsen, G., & Rystad, J. (2000) · Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.2000.078001026.x · Cited by 155
Ametropia and Ocular Biometry in a U.K. University Student Population
Logan, N. S., Davies, L. N., Mallen, E. A. H., & Gilmartin, B. (2005) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/01.opx.0000159358.71125.95 · Cited by 92
Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Chinese Adults in Urban Southern China
Huang, W. (2009) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.138 · Cited by 89
Incidence of Myopia in High School Students with and without Red-Green Color Vision Deficiency
Qian, Y., Chu, R., He, J. C., Sun, X., Zhou, X., Zhao, N., Hu, D., Hoffman, M. R., Dai, J., Qu, X., et al. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1362 · Cited by 76
Junghans, B. M., & Crewther, S. G. (2005) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/1471-2415-5-1 · Cited by 56
Visual acuity in northern China in an urban and rural population: the Beijing Eye Study
Xu, L. (2005) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.068429 · Cited by 50
Near work, education, family history, and myopia in Greek conscripts
Konstantopoulos, A., Yadegarfar, G., & Elgohary, M. A. (2007) · Eye · doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702693 · Cited by 48
Cited by
Foster, P. J., & Jiang, Y. (2014) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2013.280 · Cited by 379
Wu, J. F., Bi, H. S., Wang, S. M., Hu, Y. Y., Wu, H., Sun, W., Lu, T. L., Wang, X. R., & Jonas, J. B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082763 · Cited by 270
Pärssinen, O., Kauppinen, M., & Viljanen, A. (2014) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.12387 · Cited by 153
Metadata
- Authors
- Sun, J., Zhou, J., Zhao, P., Lian, J., Zhu, H., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Zhao, L., Wei, Y., Wang, L., Cun, B., Ge, S., & Fan, X.
- Venue
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Published
- 2012-11-05
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7504
- ISSN
- 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5783
- OpenAlex
- W2312848151
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
