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Cited by 122Electrolyte and hormonal disordersIon Transport and Channel RegulationThermoregulation and physiological responses

A comparison between dehydration from salt loss and from water deprivation

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Nadal, Joseph W., Pedersen, Svend, Maddock, Walter G.·1941·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci101262PMC PMC435099
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Crossref · 10.1172/jci101262

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Reduced fluid intake raises the osmolality of serum and plasma.

    “When we take in too little fluid (drink too little) the fluid within and around our cells becomes more concentrated, raising the osmolality of serum and plasma (221)(222)(223)(224).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [223]

    The Results (page unavailable) explain that inadequate water replacement causes dehydration throughout the body and discuss the osmotic effects of water loss. In the water-deprivation experiment, plasma chloride rose, but serum sodium did not change significantly; the paper does not report a measured rise in serum or plasma osmolality. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Treatment for low-intake dehydration involves the administration of hypotonic fluids, which will help correct the fluid deficit while diluting down the raised osmolality.

    “Treatment for low-intake dehydration involves the administration of hypotonic fluids (222-224), which will help correct the fluid deficit while diluting down the raised osmolality.”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [223]

    The Procedure and Results (pages unavailable) show that subjects dehydrated by water deprivation recovered after receiving distilled water, supporting replacement of a water deficit with salt-free fluid. The paper does not recommend hypotonic-fluid administration as a clinical treatment or show that it lowers raised osmolality; the Results report no significant change in serum sodium in Experiment IIA. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Volume depletion occurs without raised serum or plasma osmolality.

    “Volume depletion (reduced volume of extracellular fluids only, due to loss of fluids and electrolytes, also called salt loss or extracellular dehydration) occurs without raised serum or plasma osmolality”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [223]

    The Results (page unavailable) describe salt loss reducing extracellular and plasma volume, while serum sodium and plasma chloride concentrations fell in Experiment IA. This is consistent with volume depletion without increased osmolality, but the paper does not report a direct serum or plasma osmolality measurement. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Volume depletion follows medical conditions resulting in excessive losses of fluid and electrolytes, such as excessive blood loss, vomiting, and diarrhea.

    “and following medical conditions resulting in excessive losses of fluid and electrolytes, such as excessive blood loss, vomiting, and diarrhea (221-224).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [223]

    The Results (page not specified) state that loss of extracellular electrolyte reduces extracellular and plasma volume. The “Mixed type of dehydration” section (page not specified) identifies vomiting and diarrhea as causes of dehydration, but the paper does not identify excessive blood loss as a cause in this discussion. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Idem, Durstexsikkose und Salzmangelexsikkose. Acta Paediat., 1937, 22, 143.
  2. Idem, The falling drop method for determining spe- cific gravity. J. Biol. Chem., 1926, 69, 625.
  3. Benedict, F. G., The influence of inanition on metab- olism. Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C., 1907, Publ. No. 77, pp. 463-465.
  4. Benedict, F. G., A study of prolonged fasting. Car- negie Institution of Washington, D. C., 1915, Publ. No. 203, pp. 401-407.
  5. Gamble, J. L., Personal communication. 16. Freyberg, R. H., and Grant, R. L., Loss of minerals through the skin of normal humans when sweating is avoided. J. Clin. Invest., 1937, 16, 729.
  6. Freeman, N. E., Hemorrhage in relation to shock. Ann. Surg., 1935,4101, 484.
  7. Drew, C. R., Scudder, J., and Papps, J., Controlled fluid therapy with hematocrit, specific gravity, and plasma protein determinations. Surg. Gynec., and Obst., 1940, 70, 859.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nadal, J. W., Pedersen, S., & Maddock, W. G.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1941-11-01
Volume
20
Issue
6
Pages
691-703
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci101262
PMC
PMC435099
OpenAlex
W1998722369
Cited by
122
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
FWCI
20.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords
dehydration, salt loss, water deprivation, sodium depletion, fluid balance, electrolyte loss

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