The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The plasma sugar, free fatty acid, cortisol, and growth hormone response to insulin, and the comparison of this procedure with other tests of pituitary and adrenal function. II. In patients with hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction or anorexia nervosa.
Open accessAbstract
The sequence of events that follows the intra-venous injection of insulin has been reviewed ex-tensively by De Bodo and Altszuler (1). A com-plex set of mechanisms normally operates to an-tagonize the action of insulin, thereby limiting the extent to which the blood glucose falls and causing a rapid return to original levels. There is evi-dence that glucocorticoids and growth hormone play an important role as hormonal insulin an-tagonists. Thus both Addison's disease and hypo-pituitarism are known to be associated with in-creased insulin sensitivity, whereas patients with Cushing's syndrome or acromegaly are resistant to its hypoglycemic action (2, 3). The observa-tion that the intravenous injection of insulin into control subjects results in rapid elevations of plasma cortisol (4, 5) and growth hormone (6-9) also supports the possible physiologic importance of these hormones as insulin antagonists. Since the release of these two hormones depends on ade-quate hypothalamic as well as pituitary and adrenal function (5, 7, 10), it was apparent that a rapid test of both the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis for the secretion of cortisol and the hy-pothalamo-pituitary axis for the secretion of growth hormone could be developed with insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a stimulus. The present paper describes the time sequence of the changes in plasma sugar, free fatty acids (FFA), cortisol, and growth hormone in normal * Submitted for publication September 21, 1965; ac-
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Citations
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“In their classic paper Landon and his colleagues demonstrated that 25/29 hypopituitary patients had a GH response of 3 ) (Table 16.2).”
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Pituitary Hormonal Disturbances in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Thermal vests help patients with anorexia nervosa to cope with mealtime anxiety
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“…reduction in corticosterone blood levels of heated rats up to a fifth of the level found in ABA animals at a standard AT of 21 °C [13], which again provides a plausible explanation for the anxiolytic effect of warming given the elevated cortisol levels associated with anxiety in AN [34], [35].”
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Latva‐Rasku, A., Pak, K., Rebelos, E., Honka, M., Dadson, P., Koffert, J., Tuisku, J., Pekkarinen, L., Laurila, S., Hieta, J., et al. (2026) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.71142
“In addition to low insulin levels and relative hypercortisolism (Thavaraputta et al., 2023), individuals with AN typically present elevated GH levels (Landon et al., 1966), but they also develop resistance to GH action, resulting in decreased IGF-1 levels, which can contribute to insulin resistance.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Landon, J., Greenwood, F. C., Stamp, T. C., & Wynn, V
- Affiliations
- St Mary's Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1966-04-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 437-449
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC292718
- OpenAlex
- W1972114216
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 17.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- insulin-induced hypoglycemia, insulin tolerance test, plasma glucose, free fatty acids, cortisol, growth hormone, hypothalamic dysfunction, pituitary dysfunction, anorexia nervosa, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, insulin antagonists, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly
- MeSH terms
- Acromegaly, Adenoma, Chromophobe, Adolescent, Adrenal Glands, Adult, Aged, Anorexia Nervosa, Blood, Blood Glucose, Craniopharyngioma, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypopituitarism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary Function Tests, Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests, Pregnancy, Puerperal Disorders, Growth Hormone
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