Cited by 473Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood.

Open access

Horwitz, D L, Starr, J I, Mako, M E, Blackard, W G, Rubenstein, A H·1975·Journal of Clinical Investigation

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Concentrations of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were measured in portal and peripheral venous blood in six nondiabetic, nonobese subjects. Portal vein samples were obtained by umbilical vein catheterization. Three subjects were studied with intravenous infusion of 25 g glucose, and three with 30 g arginine. Insulin and proinsulin were determined in the insulin immunoassay after separation by gel filtration, and C-peptide was measured by direct immunoassay. With both glucose and arginine stimulation, portal vein levels of all three peptides peaked at 90-120 s after the onset of the stimulus. Relative increases in insulin concentration were greater than those of proinsulin or C-peptide. In peripheral venous blood, maximal levels of the three peptides were observed later (2-5 min), and the increase in insulin relative toproinsulin and C-peptide was not as great. At the time of peak secretion, portal vein insulin and C-peptide approached equimolar concentrations, and proinsulin, as measured against an insulin standard, comprised approximately 2.5% of the total immunoreactive insulin. After stimulation by glucose or arginine, portal insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide levels were not correlated with the concentrations measured in simultaneously drawn peripheral samples. At all sampling times, however, significant correlation was found between insulin and C-peptide in both peripheral and portal blood. The results indicate that under the conditions studied, insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equimolar concentrations in man, and that proinsulin is secreted in the same proportion to insulin as found in the pancreas. Consideration of the relative secretory and metabolic rates of the three beta cell peptides explains their peripheral concentrations. The data further support the use of plasma C-peptide as an indicator of beta cell secretory function.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci108047

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Biometry. The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research
Fienberg, S. E., Sokal, R. R., Rohlf, F. J., Rohlf, F. J., & Sokal, R. R. (1970) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529087 · Cited by 9,363
Immunoassay of Insulin: Two Antibody System: Plasma Insulin Levels of Normal, Subdiabetic and Diabetic Rats
Morgan, C. R., & Lazarow, A. (1963) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.12.2.115 · Cited by 2,197
The photometric microdetermination of blood glucose with glucose oxidase.
Saifer, A., & Gerstenfeld, S. (1958) · PubMed · Cited by 511
Secretion of Proinsulin C-Peptide by Pancreatic β Cells and its Circulation in Blood
Rubenstein, A. H., Clark, J. L., Melani, F., & Steiner, D. F. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/224697a0 · Cited by 295
Self-citation
Metabolism of Proinsulin, Insulin, and C-Peptide in the Rat
Katz, A. I., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107277 · Cited by 265
Self-citation
Portal and Peripheral Vein Immunoreactive Insulin Concentrations Before and After Glucose Infusion
Blackard, W. G., & Nelson, N. C. (1970) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.19.5.302 · Cited by 247
Self-citation
Identification of Proinsulin and C-Peptide in Human Serum by a Specific Immunoassay
Melani, F., Rubenstein, A. H., Oyer, P. E., & Steiner, D. F. (1970) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.67.1.148 · Cited by 164
Self-citation
The Metabolism of Proinsulin and Insulin by the Liver
Rubenstein, A. H., Pottenger, L. A., Mako, M. E., Getz, G. S., & Steiner, D. F. (1972) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106886 · Cited by 159
Self-citation
Islet Cell Tumors: Current Concepts and Management
Schein, P. S., DeLELLIS, R. A., KAHN, C. R., GORDEN, P., & KRAFT, A. R. (1973) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-239 · Cited by 157
Circulating C-peptide Immunoreactivity: Studies in Normals and Diabetic Patients
Block, M. B., Mako, M. E., Steiner, D. F., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1972) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.21.10.1013 · Cited by 152
Self-citation

Show all 34 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 471

Liver and muscle glycogen repletion using13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy following ingestion of maltodextrin, galactose, protein and amino acids
Detko, E., O'Hara, J. P., Thelwall, P. E., Smith, F. E., Jakovljević, D. G., King, R. F., & Trenell, M. I. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512005818 · Cited by 11
Investigation into the presence and functional significance of proinsulin C-peptide in the female germline†
Martin, J. H., Aitken, R. J., Bromfield, E. G., Cafe, S. L., Sutherland, J. M., Frost, E. R., Nixon, B., & Lord, T. (2019) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioz008 · Cited by 11
Insulin metabolism after relief of obstructive jaundice: Intravenous glucose tolerance test with portal blood sampling
Nagino, M., Nimura, Y., Yamamoto, H., Hayakawa, N., & Kato, T. (1996) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80146-2 · Cited by 11
Ghrelin Measurement: Present and Perspectives
Hosoda, H., & Kangawa, K. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-7971-0_15 · Cited by 11
Endocrine and Metabolic Homeostasis in Diabetic Pregnancy
Hollingsworth, D. R. (1983) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30953-9 · Cited by 11
Single-agent FOXO1 inhibition normalizes glycemia and induces gut β-like cells in streptozotocin-diabetic mice
Lee, Y., Du, W. J., Nie, Y., Diaz, B., Sultana, N., Kitamoto, T., Leibel, R. L., Accili, D., & Belvedere, S. (2022) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101618 · Cited by 11
Role of meal carbohydrate content for the imbalance of plasma amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis
Schulte‐Frohlinde, E., Wagenpfeil, S., Willis, J., Lersch, C., Eckel, F., Schmid, R. M., & SCHUSDZIARRA, V. (2006) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04620.x · Cited by 10
Diagnosis of insulinoma using the ratios of serum concentrations of insulin and C-peptide to glucose during a 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test
Xu, L., Zhang, F., Chen, H., Yu, H., Zhou, J., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, L., Yin, J., Liu, F., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0292 · Cited by 11
The effects of human proinsulin on glucose turnover and intermediary metabolism
Davis, S. N., Butler, P. C., Brown, M., Beer, S. F., Sobey, W., Hanning, I., Home, P., Hales, C. N., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1991) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90072-5 · Cited by 10
Effects of different lipid substrates on glucose metabolism in normal postabsorptive humans
Broussolle, C., Beylot, M., CHASSARD, D., & Beaufrère, B. (1992) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90096-s · Cited by 10
The protein-sparing action of protein feeding: absence of relationship to insulin secretion
Landau, R. L., Rochman, H., Blix-Gruber, P., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1981) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.7.1300 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Serum C-Peptide Levels Determine Glycemie Responses in Type III Diabetic Patients Treated with Combined Insulin and Sulfonylurea Agent
Osel, K., & Falko, J. M. (1985) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-198504000-00004 · Cited by 10
Growth hormone and metasomatotrophic diabetes: effects on insulin and proinsulin of serum and pancreas in dogs
Pierluissi, J., & Campbell, J. E. (1981) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00281549 · Cited by 10
Blood lactate behavior after glucose load in diabetes mellitus
Prando, R., Cheli, V., Buzzo, P., Melga, P., Ansaldi, E., & Accoto, S. (1988) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/bf02624820 · Cited by 9
Plasma levels of proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide in chronic renal, hepatic and muscular disorders.
Imamura, Y., Yokono, K., Shii, K., Hari, J., Sakai, H., & Baba, S. (1984) · Japanese Journal of Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine1962.23.3 · Cited by 9
Factors determining insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy: a review
Achong, N., McIntyre, D. H., & Callaway, L. K. (2014) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x13516442 · Cited by 9
Indirect two-site immunoradiometric assay of rat and mouse proinsulin
Yue, D. K., Gibby, O. M., Luzio, S. D., Yanaihara, N., & Hales, C. N. (1979) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01235860 · Cited by 9
The Reduction of Peripheral Insulin Concentrations in Obese Subjects following a Hypocaloric Diet: Reduced Pancreatic Secretion or Increased Hepatic Extraction?
Gama, R. M., & Marks, V. (1989) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456328902600502 · Cited by 9
An Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effects and Dosage Equivalence of Glyburide and Glipizide
Jaber, L. A., Wenzloff, N. J., Komanicky, P., & Antal, E. J. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb03460.x · Cited by 9
New Methods for the Analysis of Insulin Kinetics in Vivo: Insulin Secretion, Degradation, Systemic Dynamics and Hepatic Extraction
Radziuk, J., & Morishima, T. (1985) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1850-8_14 · Cited by 8
Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C-peptide analysis in Cameroon
Asanghanwa, M., van Genderen, F. T., Verhaeghen, K., der Auwera, B. J. R. V., Sobngwi, E., Mbanya, J. C., & Schravendijk, C. F. H. V. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.042 · Cited by 8
Plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucagon in liver cirrhosis
Gragnoli, G., Signorini, A. M., & Tanganelli, I. (1981) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03349405 · Cited by 8
Association of kidney and cysts dimensions with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with ADPKD
Pietrzak-Nowacka, M., Safranow, K., Palacz, J., Gołembiewska, E., Marchelek‐Myśliwiec, M., & Ciechanowski, K. (2015) · Renal Failure · doi:10.3109/0886022x.2015.1033608 · Cited by 8
A prospective study of basal insulin concentrations in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts
Collings, A. J., Gow, A. G., Marques, A., Yool, D. A., Furneaux, R. W., Mellanby, R. J., & Watson, P. (2012) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01192.x · Cited by 8
Insulin Sensitivity and Negative Insulin Feedback after Pancreas Transplantation in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients.
Wasada, T., AOKI, K., Babazono, T., Kuroki, H., ARII, H., Saeki, A., & Omori, Y. (1995) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.42.747 · Cited by 8
Effect of Chronic Noise Stress on Serum Glucose and Lipids and Morphology of Langerhans Islets in Neonatal Rats
Mirshekar, M. A., Arabmoazzen, S., Kazem, P., & Sarkaki, A. (2015) · Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.17795/zjrms-2188 · Cited by 8
Assessment of pulsatile insulin secretion derived from peripheral plasma C-peptide concentrations by nonparametric stochastic deconvolution
LAURENTI, M. C., Vella, A. V., Varghese, R. T., Andrews, J. C., Sharma, A. R., Kittah, N. E., Rizza, R. A., Matveyenko, A. V., Nicolao, G. D., Cobelli, C., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00519.2018 · Cited by 8
Discrimination of type I from insulin-treated type II diabetic patients by C-peptide measurement
Cravarezza, P., Radaeli, E., Toffoli, C., & Rigosa, C. (1986) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/bf02582068 · Cited by 8
THE EFFECT OF SULPIRIDE INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN SECRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Hagen, C., Pedersen, P. B., Jensen, S. B., KNUD, O., & Jensen, T. (1979) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb03033.x · Cited by 8
A Combined High-Fiber, Low-Glycemic Index Diet Normalizes Glucose Tolerance and Reduces Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia in Adults with Hepatic Cirrhosis
Barkoukis, H. D., FIEDLER, K. M., & Lerner, E. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90334-2 · Cited by 8
Six Methods for the Determination of C-Peptide Evaluated
Nauck, M., Nauck, M. A., Nauck, M. A., März, W., & Wieland, H. (1999) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.1999.115 · Cited by 8
Comparison between arterial and venous sampling of circulating hormones, substrates and peptides in severe obesity
Martin, J., Smith, J. D., Bastien, M., Cianflone, K., Bussières, J. S., Marceau, S., Hould, F., Lebel, S., Biertho, L. D., Lescelleur, O., et al. (2011) · Clinical and investigative medicine · doi:10.25011/cim.v34i1.15104 · Cited by 7
Reduced postprandial proinsulinaemia and 32–33 split proinsulinaemia after a mixed meal in type 2 diabetic patients following sensitization to insulin with pioglitazone
Cooper, M. B., Majali, K. A., Bailey, C. J., & Betteridge, D. J. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03113.x · Cited by 7
Fasting plasma C-peptide levels in health and impaired glucose tolerance: relations to blood glucose and relative body weight
Birgerstam, G., & Malmquist, J. (1985) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365518509155284 · Cited by 7
Treatment Options for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparison of the Artificial Endocrine Pancreas, Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion, and Multiple Daily Insulin Injections
Rizza, R. A. (1986) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)64820-4 · Cited by 7
C-peptide in non-alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Pun, K. K., Ho, P. W. M., & YEUNG, R. T. T. (1988) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03349051 · Cited by 7
Insulin in Portal, Hepatic and Peripheral Venous Blood after Glucose, Tolbutamide and Glipizide Stimulation
Hed, R., Nygren, A., Röjdmark, R., Sundblad, L., & Wiechel, K.-L. (1979) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb06034.x · Cited by 7
Bayesian Functional Integral Method for Inferring Continuous Data from Discrete Measurements
Heuett, W. J., Miller, B. V., Racette, S. B., Holloszy, J. O., Chow, C. C., & Periwal, V. (2012) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2011.12.046 · Cited by 6
Autocrine C‐peptide protects INS1 β cells against palmitic acid‐induced oxidative stress in peroxisomes by inducing catalase
Luppi, P., Drain, N. P., To, R., Stolz, D. B., Wallace, C. T., Watkins, S. C., & Drain, P. F. (2020) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.147 · Cited by 6
Detection of C-peptide in human hair and nail: a comparison between healthy persons and persons with type 1 diabetes
Salih, J. M., & Abdulateef, D. S. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001297 · Cited by 7
Detection of C-Peptide in Scalp Hair of Healthy Adults
Abdulateef, D. S., & Salih, J. M. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s240785 · Cited by 6
The Effects of Proinsulin Pretreatment on the Combined Actions of Insulin and Proinsulin in Normal Man*
Glauber, H. S., Wallace, P., Galloway, J. A., Frank, B. H., & Olefsky, J. M. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-62-4-785 · Cited by 6
Secretion and Hepatic Extraction of Insulin in Nondiabetic, Obese, Aged Subjects
Bonora, E., Coscelli, C., & BUTTURINI, U. (1983) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb05742.x · Cited by 6
Hyperinsulinaetmia of Hypertriglyceridaemia: A Reappraisal
Gama, R. M., Shah, S. Z., Wright, J., & Marks, V. (1995) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00485.x · Cited by 6
Proinsulin and C-Peptide in Diabetes
Horwitz, D. L., Rubenstein, A. H., & Steiner, D. F. (1978) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31768-0 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Residual β cell function in insulin-dependent diabetes: evaluation by circadian determination of C-peptide immunoreactivity
Canivet, B., Härter, M., Viot, G., Balarac, N., & Krebs, B. (1980) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03348235 · Cited by 6
PRODUCTION OF REGION-SPECIFIC ANTISERA TO HUMAN PRORENIN AND RENIN USING SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES
Yanaihara, C., Kadowaki, M., Hoshino, M., KISHIDA, S., Suzuki, T., & Yanaihara, N. (1987) · Biomedical Research · doi:10.2220/biomedres.8.95 · Cited by 6
Humanes C-Peptid
Beischer, W., Raptis, S., Keller, L., Maas, M., Beischer, B., Feilen, K. D., & Pfeiffer, E. F. (1978) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01478566 · Cited by 6
Energetics and life-history of olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) in the Gashaka Gumti National Park
Lodge, E. J. (2012) · Cited by 6
Insulin and Atherosclerosis
Stout, R. W. (1992) · Developments in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2734-9_8 · Cited by 6
Deletion of ABCB10 in beta-cells protects from high-fat diet induced insulin resistance
Shum, M., Segawa, M., Gharakhanian, R., Viñuela, A., Wortham, M., Baghdasarian, S., Wolf, D. M., Sereda, S. B., Nocito, L., Stiles, L., et al. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101403 · Cited by 5
Co‐ingesting whey protein with dual‐source carbohydrate enhances amino acid availability without compromising post‐exercise liver glycogen resynthesis
Hannon, S. C., McStravick, J., Henthorn, L., Bawden, S., TANG, J. C. Y., Dunn, R. H., Makino, R., Smith, K., Gonzalez, J. T., Hodson, N. W., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp288473 · Cited by 5
C-peptide and insulin assays with the Mindray CL-2000i: Precision and comparability with different methods
Cosma, C., Padoan, A., Clerico, A., & Plebani, M. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.057 · Cited by 5
The effect of human wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on MC4R, NPY, and LEPR gene expression levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Sarvestani, F. S., Zare, M. A., Saki, F., Koohpeyma, F., Al-Abdullah, I. H., & Azarpira, N. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2019.39582.9387 · Cited by 5
Accuracy of C-peptide:insulin molar ratio as a measure of hepatic removal of insulin
Berzins, R., Wieczorek, K., Rajotte, R. V., Molnar, G. D., Tam, Y. K., McGregor, J. R., & Fawcett, D. M. (1987) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(87)80031-1 · Cited by 5
Hyperproinsulinaemia in Acromegaly: Evidence for Abnormal Pancreatic β-Cell Function?
Gama, R. M., Teale, J. D., Wright, J., Ferns, G. A., & Marks, V. (1997) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456329703400605 · Cited by 5
Altered C-peptide/insulin molar ratios and glucose turnover rates after stimulation in nondiabetic offsprings of type II diabetic patients
Osei, K., & Holland, G. C. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90004-7 · Cited by 5
Assays of pancreatic B cell secretory products: Utility in investigative and clinical diabetology
Malmquist, J., & Birgerstam, G. (1986) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365518609084041 · Cited by 5
Human proinsulin and insulin : antibody production, assay development and clinical application
Dorrian, C. A. (1989) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 5
The Impact of Insulin on Low-dose Metronomic Vinorelbine and Mafosfamide in Breast Cancer Cells
Krajnak, S., LOEWE, A., Battista, M. J., Hasenburg, A., Heimes, A.-S., Schmidt, M., Schwab, R. M., & Brenner, W. (2021) · Anticancer Research · doi:10.21873/anticanres.14881 · Cited by 4
Metabolic and endocrine evaluation of islet transplant function
Rickels, M. R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814833-4.00045-9 · Cited by 4
Oscillations of C‐peptide in the euglycemic clamp and their effect on the pharmacodynamic assessment of insulin preparations
Liu, H., Yu, H., Qiao, J., Sun, L., Li, J., Tan, H., & Yu, Y. (2020) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.12628 · Cited by 4
Reduced insulin removal and erythrocyte insulin binding in obese children
Knip, M., Lautala, P., & Puukka, R. (1988) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf00441410 · Cited by 4
Serum free C-peptide response to oral glucose loading as a parameter for the monitoring of pancreatic B-cell function in diabetic patients
Hsieh, S. D., Kanazawa, Y., & Akanuma, Y. (1985) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(85)80036-x · Cited by 4
The therapeutic potential of C-peptide in kidney disease: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Shaw, J., Shetty, P., Burns, K. D., & Knoll, G. A. (2014) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-43 · Cited by 4
Plasma C-peptide response to oral glucose load in hyperthyroidism
Bonora, E., Manicardi, V., Zenere, M. B., Moghetti, P., Coscelli, C., & Muggeo, M. (1990) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03348624 · Cited by 4
Plasma C-peptide response to arginine in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects
Giugliano, D., LUYCKX, A. S., & Lefèbvre, P. J. (1980) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03348212 · Cited by 4
Plasma Active and Inactive Renin in Man During Infusion of Angiotensin II With and Without Prior Administration of Nifedipine
Millar, J. A. (1982) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641968209062399 · Cited by 4
C-Peptid- und Insulinkonzentration im Serum bei akuter Virushepatitis
Bottermann, P., Zilker, T., Ermler, R., Paterek, K., & Stransky, B. V. (1978) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01476668 · Cited by 4
C-Peptid-Konzentration im Serum in Abh�ngigkeit von der Nierenfunktion
Zilker, T., Wiesinger, H., Ermler, R., Schweigart, U., & Bottermann, P. (1977) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01489004 · Cited by 4
Diabetes Mellitus
Fajans, S. S. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7656-9_2 · Cited by 4
Predicting response to incretin-based therapy
Kalra, S., Kalra, B., Sahay, R. K., & Agrawal, N. K. (2011) · Research and Reports in Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.2147/rred.s16282 · Cited by 3
Insulin-related metabolic and endocrine effects of valproate in patients with epilepsy
Pylvänen, V. (2005) · Cited by 3
Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and hyperproinsulinemia as markers of increased pancreatic ß-cell demand in men
Reis, A. F., Miranda, W. L., & Chacra, A. R. (1998) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1998001200006 · Cited by 3
Insulin Secretion in Alcoholics in a Withdrawal State
Adner, N., & Nygren, A. (1986) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1986.tb03299.x · Cited by 3
The effects of subcutaneous human proinsulin on the production of split proinsulin, glucose turnover and intermediary metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetic man
Davis, S. N., Piatti, P., Monti, L., Brown, M., Hetherington, C., Antsiferov, M., Sobey, W., Hales, C. N., Ørskov, H., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1993) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(93)90103-c · Cited by 3
Comparative Responses to Glucose, Glucagon and Tolbutamide
Mirel, R. D., Ginsberg‐Fellner, F., Horwitz, D. L., & Rayfield, E. J. (1980) · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Optimization of reagent concentration for radioiodination of rat C-peptide II in development of radioimmunoassay procedure for rats
Shenoy, B. G., Manupriya, B. R., Paradkar, S., Lathika, Patil, S. L., & Somashekarappa, H. (2018) · Radiation Protection and Environment · doi:10.4103/rpe.rpe_11_18 · Cited by 3
Biochemical profile indicative of insulin resistance in non-diabetic and diabetic cardiovascular patients
Aslam, N., Sheikh, M. A., Khalil‐ur‐Rehman, & Nawaz, H. (2012) · International Journal of Agriculture and Biology · Cited by 3
Assessment of the effects of insulin secretagogues in humans
Wallace, T. M., & Matthews, D. R. (2000) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2000.00088.x · Cited by 3
An Ethnic Comparison of Nutritional Patterns and Health Habits in Elderly Patients with Diabetes
Strain, G. W., Champagne, C. M., & Roman, S. H. (1999) · Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly · doi:10.1300/j052v18n02_03 · Cited by 3
Pharmacological aspects of closed loop insulin delivery for type 1 diabetes
Uduku, C. N., & Oliver, N. S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.006 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of insulin secretory capacity in diabetes mellitus
Horwitz, D. L., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1979) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(79)80023-4 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metabolic effects of biosynthetic human proinsulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Klauser, R., Prager, R., Watschinger, B., & Schernthaner, G. (1989) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00261.x · Cited by 3
Gene therapy for metabolic disorders
Bowles, N. E., & Woo, S. L. C. (1995) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/0169-409x(95)00063-d · Cited by 3
Clinical Evaluation of Determinants of Glycemic Control
Osei, K. (1986) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1986.00360140091014 · Cited by 3
PANCREATIC B‐CELL FUNCTION AND ABNORMAL URINARY PEPTIDES IN A BOY WITH LIPOATROPHIC DIABETES AND STENOSIS OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS
Häger, A., Hedïng, L. G., Larsson, Y., Ludvigsson, J., & Trygstad, O. (1980) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07129.x · Cited by 3
Comparison of Indices of Islet B‐cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Insulin Effectiveness and Clinical Outcome
Coppack, S. W., Thursfield, V. J., Dhar, H., & Hockaday, T. D. R. (1991) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01669.x · Cited by 3
Dose-response characteristics of human proinsulin and insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetic humans
Davis, S. N., Monti, L., Piatti, P. M., Brown, M., Hetherington, C., Ørskov, H., Sobey, W., Hales, C. N., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.1.e28 · Cited by 3
Studies on insulin secretion and clearance in obese and diabetic children (7-11 years old) and adolescents (12-16 years old) Investigation by oral glucose tolerance tests(O-GTT).
Tsunoda, M., Ohki, Y., Mineda, T., & Teshirogi, T. (1992) · Journal of Nippon Medical School · doi:10.1272/jnms1923.59.9 · Cited by 3
Specific and Direct Radioimmunoassay for Human Proinsulin in Serum
Hedïng, L. G. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7094-9_11 · Cited by 3
Effects of intraportal exenatide on hepatic glucose metabolism in the conscious dog
Edgerton, D. S., An, Z., Johnson, K., Farmer, T. E., Farmer, B., Neal, D. W., & Cherrington, A. D. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2013 · Cited by 2
Assessment of Islet Alpha- and Beta-Cell Function
Madsbad, S., & Holst, J. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11748-1_2 · Cited by 2
The Insulin Journey in the Human Body
Infante, M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.107906 · Cited by 2
Pancreatic secretion, hepatic extraction, and plasma clearance of insulin from steady-state insulin and C-peptide measurements in critically ill patients
Pielmeier, U., Rousing, M. L., & Andreassen, S. (2014) · IFAC Proceedings Volumes · doi:10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01873 · Cited by 2
C-Peptide as a Remedy for Diabetic Microangiopathy?
Waldhäusl, W. K. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-1250 · Cited by 2
Relationships between the Structure of Insulin and its Physiological Effects
Jones, R. H., & Shojaee‐Moradie, F. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47582-0_10 · Cited by 2
L’internista ospedaliero nella gestione del paziente diabetico complesso
Magnani, G. E. L., Beltramello, G., Brancato, D., Fontanella, A., & Nardi, R. (2018) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4081/itjm.q.2018.2 · Cited by 2
Clinical Significance of C-Peptide
Rubenstein, A. H., & Gonen, B. (1979) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8508-0_2 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Portal and peripheral vein concentrations of insulin after glucose and arginine infusions in morbidly obese subjects
Walter, R. M., Gold, E. M., & Michas, C. A. (1980) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(80)90335-5 · Cited by 2

Authors: Horwitz, D. L., Starr, J. I., Mako, M. E., Blackard, W. G., & Rubenstein, A. H.
Affiliations: Louisiana State University (US)
ORCID: Horwitz, D L
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1975-06-01
Volume: 55
Issue: 6
Pages: 1278-1283
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci108047
PMC: PMC301883
OpenAlex: W1974554536
Cited by: 473
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 33.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Chicago
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, portal blood, peripheral venous blood, beta-cell secretion, glucose stimulation, arginine stimulation, umbilical vein catheterization
MeSH terms: Antigens, Arginine, Blood Glucose, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Peptides, Portal Vein, Proinsulin, Veins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks