Adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in situ at rest and during exercise.
Open accessAbstract
The adrenergic regulation of lipolysis was investigated in situ at rest and during standardized bicycle exercise in nonobese healthy subjects, using microdialysis of the extracellular space in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The glycerol concentration was about two times greater in adipose tissue than in venous blood. At rest, the glycerol concentration in adipose tissue was rapidly increased by 100% (P less than 0.01) after the addition of phentolamine to the ingoing perfusate, whereas addition of propranolol did not alter the adipose tissue glycerol level. Glycerol in adipose tissue and plasma increased during exercise and decreased in the postexercise period. Propranolol in the perfusate almost completely inhibited the increase in the tissue dialysate glycerol during the exercise-postexercise period. Phentolamine, however, was completely ineffective in this respect. During exercise, the lipolytic activity was significantly more marked in abdominal than in gluteal adipose tissue; this was much more apparent in women than in men. Thus, in vivo lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by different adrenergic mechanisms at rest and during exercise. Alpha-adrenergic inhibitory effects modulate lipolysis at rest, whereas beta-adrenergic stimulatory effects modulate lipolysis during exercise. In addition, regional differences in lipolysis are present in vivo during exercise, which seem governed by factors relating to sex.
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Moderate-intensity exercise activates both β1 and α2 receptors in men, whereas it activates only β1 receptors in women.
“Specifically, moderate-intensity exercise activates both β1 (lipolysis-activating) and α2 (lipolysis-inhibiting) receptors in men, whereas it activates only β1 receptors in women (Blatchford et al. 1985; Arner et al. 1990; Davis et al. 2000).”
From Analysis of sex-based differences in energy substrate utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (2022) · cites this paper as Arner et al. 1990
The Discussion says that beta-adrenergic, but not alpha-adrenergic, mechanisms modulate lipolysis during exercise, contrary to the claimed alpha2 involvement in men. It also says the study could not determine which adrenoceptor subtypes were involved, so it does not establish beta1 activation in either sex. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWomen, in comparison to men, have more and larger adipocytes in the gluteal region, which display greater sensitivity to lipolytic agents, such as sex hormones and catecholamines, compared to adipose cells in other sites.
“Additionally, evidence indicates that women, in comparison to men, have more and larger adipocytes in the gluteal region, which display greater sensitivity to lipolytic agents, such as sex hormones and catecholamines, compared to adipose cells in other sites.”
From Analysis of sex-based differences in energy substrate utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (2022) · cites this paper as Arner et al. 1990
The Results (p. 895) report that, during exercise, women’s gluteal tissue was much less responsive than their abdominal tissue—the opposite of the claimed regional sensitivity. The Introduction (p. 893) likewise says catecholamines are more lipolytic in abdominal than gluteal/femoral fat. The paper does not establish that women have more or larger gluteal adipocytes than men. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWomen display more pronounced regional differences in the hormonal regulation of lipolysis than men during exercise.
“Consequently, women display more pronounced regional differences in the hormonal regulation of lipolysis than men during exercise (Blatchford et al. 1985; Arner et al. 1990).”
From Analysis of sex-based differences in energy substrate utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (2022) · cites this paper as Arner et al. 1990
The Results report that abdominal–gluteal differences in the lipolytic response to exercise were much more pronounced in women than in men. The Discussion (p. 897) says sex hormones or other sex-related factors may contribute, but the mechanisms are unknown; the study does not establish that hormonal regulation itself differs more by region in women. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBlocking β-adrenergic receptors in abdominal subcutaneous WAT reduces lipolysis, demonstrating the role of WAT in metabolic flexibility during exercise.
“Studies blocking β-adrenergic receptors in abdominal subcutaneous WAT have demonstrated the role of WAT in metabolic flexibility during exercise by reducing lipolysis (109).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [109]
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References 15 · Cited by 373
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [16]16. Ungerstedt, U. 1984. Measurements of neurotransmittor re- lease by intracranial dialysis. In Measurements of Neurotransmittor Release In Vivo. C. A. Marsden, editor. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 81-105.
- Authors
- Arner, P., Kriegholm, E., Engfeldt, P., & Bolinder, J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1990-03-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 893-898
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC296507
- OpenAlex
- W1991321219
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Karolinska Institutet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- lipolysis, adrenergic regulation, subcutaneous adipose tissue, glycerol, physical activity, phentolamine, propranolol, beta-adrenergic stimulation, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Female, Glycerol, Humans, Lipid Mobilization, Lipolysis, Male, Phentolamine, Propranolol, Receptors, Adrenergic, Rest, Sex Factors, Exercise
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