The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A transgenic rabbit model for human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Open accessAbstract
Certain mutations in genes for sarcomeric proteins cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We have developed a transgenic rabbit model for HCM caused by a common point mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene, R400Q. Wild-type and mutant human beta-MyHC cDNAs were cloned 3' to a 7-kb murine beta-MyHC promoter. We injected purified transgenes into fertilized zygotes to generate two lines each of the wild-type and mutant transgenic rabbits. Expression of transgene mRNA and protein were confirmed by Northern blotting and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting, respectively. Animals carrying the mutant transgene showed substantial myocyte disarray and a 3-fold increase in interstitial collagen expression in their myocardia. Mean septal thicknesses were comparable between rabbits carrying the wild type transgene and their nontransgenic littermates (NLMs) but were significantly increased in the mutant transgenic animals. Posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass were also increased, but dimensions and systolic function were normal. Premature death was more common in mutant than in wild-type transgenic rabbits or in NLMs. Thus, cardiac expression of beta-MyHC-Q(403) in transgenic rabbits induced hypertrophy, myocyte and myofibrillar disarray, interstitial fibrosis, and premature death, phenotypes observed in humans patients with HCM due to beta-MyHC-Q(403).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“rabbits harboring human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations often better recapitulate this category of human diseases than their murine model equivalents (Marian, et al., 1999; Sanbe, et al., 2005).”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Marian, et al., 1999
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate–Phenol–Chloroform Extraction
Chomczynski, P., & Sacchi, N. (1987) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1987.9999 · Cited by 65,515
Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method.
Devereux, R. B., & Reichek, N. (1977) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.55.4.613 · Cited by 4,499
Prevalence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a General Population of Young Adults
Maron, B. J., Gardin, J. M., Flack, J. M., Gidding, S. S., Kurosaki, T., & Bild, D. E. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.4.785 · Cited by 2,274
Sudden Death in Young Competitive Athletes: Clinical, Demographic, and Pathological Profiles
Maron, B. J. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540030033028 · Cited by 1,693
Mutations in the Genes for Cardiac Troponin T and α-Tropomyosin in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Watkins, H. C., McKenna, W. J., Thierfelder, L., Suk, H. J., Anan, R., O'Donoghue, A., Spirito, P., Matsumori, A., Moravec, C. S., Seidman, J. G., et al. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199504203321603 · Cited by 935
Wigle, E. D., Rakowski, H., Kimball, B. P., & Williams, W. G. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1680 · Cited by 775
Watkins, H. C., Rosenzweig, A., Hwang, D., Levi, T., McKenna, W. J., Seidman, C. E., & Seidman, J. G. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199204233261703 · Cited by 742
Developmental and functional adaptation of contractile proteins in cardiac and skeletal muscles
Swynghedauw, B. (1986) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1986.66.3.710 · Cited by 647
León, A. L.-D., & Rojkind, M. (1985) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/33.8.2410480 · Cited by 607
A Mouse Model of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Geisterfer-Lowrance, A. A. T., Christe, M. E., Conner, D. A., Ingwall, J. S., Schöen, F. J., Seidman, C. E., & Seidman, J. G. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5262.731 · Cited by 554
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Kim, 1999, Am J Physiol, 276, H1780
- Chomczynski, 1987, Anal Biochem, 162, 156, 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2 · DOI
- Spirito, 1990, J Am Coll Cardiol, 15, 1552
- Abchee, 1997, J Investig Med, 45, 191
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–178 of 178
Bai, F., Groth, H. L., & Kawai, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047471 · Cited by 19
Dementyeva, E. V., Medvedev, S. P., Kovalenko, V., Vyatkin, Y. V., Kretov, E. I., Slotvitsky, М. М., Shtokalo, D. N., Pokushalov, E. A., & Zakian, S. M. (2019) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297919030118 · Cited by 19
Neonatal cannibalism in cage-bred wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Redondo, P. G., & Zamora-Lozano, M. (2008) · Archivos de medicina veterinaria · doi:10.4067/s0301-732x2008000300009 · Cited by 19
Wernicke, D., Thiel, C., Duja-Isac, C. M., Essin, K., Spindler, M., Nunez, D. J., Plehm, R., Wessel, N., Hammes, A., Edwards, R.-J., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00620.2003 · Cited by 19
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: From “Heart Tumour” to a Complex Molecular Genetic Disorder
Doolan, A., Nguyen, L., & Semsarian, C. (2004) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2004.01.026 · Cited by 17
Lee, S., Roest, A. S. V., Blair, C. A., Kao, K. Y., Bremner, S. B., Childers, M. C., Pathak, D., Heinrich, P., Lee, D. C., Chirikian, O., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2318413121 · Cited by 16
Corrado, D., Thiene, G., Bauce, B., Calore, C., Cipriani, A., Lazzari, M. D., Migliore, F., Marra, M. P., Pilichou, K., Rigato, I., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132571 · Cited by 17
Transgenic Rabbit Models: Now and the Future
Matsuhisa, F., Kitajima, S., Nishijima, K., Akiyoshi, T., Morimoto, M., & Fan, J. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10217416 · Cited by 16
Baradaran-Heravi, A., Bauer, C. C., Pickles, I. B., Hosseini-Farahabadi, S., Balgi, A. D., Choi, K., Linley, D. M., Beech, D. J., Roberge, M., & Bon, R. S. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101546 · Cited by 16
Experimental Models of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
van den Dolder, F. W., Dinani, R., Warnaar, V. A. J., Vuckovic, S., Passadouro, A. S., Nassar, A. A., Ramsaroep, A. X., Burchell, G. B., Schoonmade, L. J., van der Velden, J., et al. (2025) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.10.017 · Cited by 14
Role of Animal Models in HCM Research
Shephard, R., & Semsarian, C. (2009) · Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s12265-009-9120-y · Cited by 14
Phenotypic variation and targeted therapy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using genetic animal models
Gannon, M. P., & Link, M. S. (2019) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2019.11.009 · Cited by 13
Michele, D. E. (2000) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1050-1738(00)00067-0 · Cited by 13
Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rabbits
Lipman, N. S., Marini, R. P., & Flecknell, P. A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373898-1.50015-2 · Cited by 12
Roberts, R., & Schwartz, K. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.iv-34 · Cited by 12
Self-citationModulation of Cardiac Performance by Motor Protein Gene Transfer
Herron, T. J., Devaney, E. J., & Metzger, J. M. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1420.011 · Cited by 11
Genética molecular de las miocardiopatías
Roberts, R. (2002) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0300-8932(02)76597-4 · Cited by 11
Self-citationMolecular genetics of card iomyopathies
Shah, G., & Roberts, R. (2000) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s1071-3581(00)90037-0 · Cited by 11
Self-citationCôté, É., MacDonald, K. A., Meurs, K. M., & Sleeper, M. M. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118785782.ch11 · Cited by 11
A Journey through Genetic Architecture and Predisposition of Coronary Artery Disease
Roberts, R., & Chang, C. C. (2020) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/1389202921999200630145241 · Cited by 10
Self-citationINDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS FOR MODELLING ENERGETIC ALTERATIONS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.
Ramachandra, C. J. A., Ja, K. P. M. M., Lin, Y., SHIM, W. S. N., Boisvert, W. A., & Hausenloy, D. J. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Koike, T., Wang, X., Unoki‐Kubota, H., Liang, J., Ichikawa, T., Kitajima, S., Watanabe, T., & Fan, J. (2002) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.10282 · Cited by 10
The L-type calcium channel inhibitor diltiazem prevents cardiomyopathy in a mouse model
Semsarian, C., Ahmad, I., Giewat, M., Georgakopoulos, D., Schmitt, J. P., McConnell, B. K., Reiken, S. R., Mende, U., Marks, A. R., Kass, D. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0214677 · Cited by 10
Ziv, O., Schofield, L., Lau, E. S., Chaves, L., Patel, D., Jeng, P., Peng, X., Choi, B., & Koren, G. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00031.2012 · Cited by 9
Genetic Basis for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Roberts, R., & Sidhu, J. S. (2003) · The American Heart Hospital Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1541-9215.2003.02110.x · Cited by 9
Self-citationA perspective: the new millennium dawns on a new paradigm for cardiology—molecular genetics
Roberts, R. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00776-2 · Cited by 9
Self-citationGenetically modified rabbit models for cardiovascular medicine
Hou, Y., Zhang, X., Sun, X., Qin, Q., Chen, D., Jia, M., & Chen, Y. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174890 · Cited by 8
Molecular Cardiology and Genetics in the 21st Century—A Primer
Roberts, R., & Gollob, M. H. (2006) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2006.05.004 · Cited by 8
Self-citationRabbit Genetics and Transgenic Models
Christensen, N. D., & Peng, X. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380920-9.00007-9 · Cited by 7
Transgenic rabbits - production and application
Chrenek, P., & Makarevich, A. V. (2008) · Slovak Journal of Animal Science · Cited by 7
On Koch's Postulates, Causality and Genetics of Cardiomyopathies
Marian, A. J., & Roberts, R. (2002) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1006/jmcc.2002.2048 · Cited by 7
Self-citationCMV promoter is inadequate for expression of mutant human RyR2 in transgenic rabbits
Wakula, P., Bisping, E. H., Kockskämper, J., Post, H., Brauer, S., Deuter, M., Oehlmann, R., Besenfelder, U., Lai, F. A., Brem, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2010.09.007 · Cited by 7
Janse, M. J. (2001) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1520-765x(01)90059-8 · Cited by 7
Three‐dimensional anatomy of the conduction system of the early embryonic rabbit heart
Rothenberg, F. G., & Efimov, I. R. (2005) · The Anatomical Record Part A Discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1002/ar.a.20244 · Cited by 6
The qualitative and quantitative assessment of the renal cortex of the clinically healthy rabbits
Dilek, Ö. G., Erden, H., Turan, E., Dimitrov, R., Stamatova-Yovcheva, K. D., & Karakurum, E. (2020) · Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33988/auvfd.643649 · Cited by 5
Modelos animales genéticamente modificados en investigación cardiovascular
Dalloz, F., Osińska, H. E., & Robbins, J. M. (2001) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0300-8932(01)76391-9 · Cited by 5
Krause, A. A., Kelty, T. J., Meers, G. M.-E., Russell, A. J., Evanchik, M. J., Barthel, B. L., Emter, C. A., & Rector, R. S. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00339.2025 · Cited by 4
Clinical Potentials of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Ng, K., Law, C.-Y., & Tse, H. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm3041105 · Cited by 4
Sarwer, K., Lashari, S., Rafaqat, N., Maher, Raheem, A., Rehman, M. U., & Abbas, S. M. I. (2024) · The Egyptian Heart Journal · doi:10.1186/s43044-024-00587-y · Cited by 4
Molecular Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies
Marian, A. J., & Roberts, R. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012656975-9/50059-6 · Cited by 4
Self-citationIn vivomodels of cardiac diseases: application to drug development and screening
Rokutan, H., Anker, S. D., & Springer, J. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460440903460299 · Cited by 3
The Applications of Transgenic Rabbits in Agriculture and Biomedicine
Zabetian, M., Tahmooresp, M., & Hosseini, K. (2011) · Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances · doi:10.3923/javaa.2011.780.790 · Cited by 3
Zhao, S., Wei, K., Yu, Q., Li, Y., Cheng, F., Wang, Y., Yang, P., Fan, J., & Liu, E. (2010) · World Rabbit Science · doi:10.4995/wrs.2010.7279 · Cited by 3
Self-citationGenetic Mutations that Remodel the Heart in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Ho, C. Y., & Seidman, C. E. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470987469.ch2 · Cited by 3
Translation of Animal Models into Clinical Practice
Thoonen, R., Vandenwijngaert, S., Beaudoin, J., Buys, E. S., & Scherrer‐Crosbie, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800039-7.00006-2 · Cited by 2
Mechanical stress and hypertrophy
Macpherson, A. K., Neti, S., MacPherson, P., Houser, S. R., Hari, M., & Marzillier, J. Y. (2005) · WIT transactions on biomedicine and health · doi:10.2495/bio050171 · Cited by 2
Wang, J.-K., Cui, C., Zhang, H., Yao, Q., Yao, X., & Chen, X. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Monitoring of Venus transgenic cell migration during pregnancy in non-transgenic rabbits
Lipták, N., Hoffmann, O. I., Kerekes, A., Iski, G., Ernszt, D., Kvell, K., Hiripi, L., & Bösze, Z. (2016) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-016-9994-9 · Cited by 2
Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disorders
Marian, A. J., & Roberts, R. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444309768.ch22 · Cited by 2
Self-citationGenetic Predisposition to Cardiac Hypertrophy
Marian, A. J. (2004) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06214-2_7 · Cited by 2
Self-citationParanal, R. M., Teekakirikul, P., Ho, C. Y., Fatkin, D., & Seidman, C. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812532-8.00002-1 · Cited by 1
An Animal Model of Ascending Aortic Stenosis in Rabbits Without Endotracheal Intubation
Zhao, Z., Chen, L., Xiao, Y., Gao, S., & Zheng, D.-Z. (2010) · Journal of Cardiac Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2009.00999.x · Cited by 1
Rajamannan, N. M. (2006) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2006.10.012 · Cited by 1
Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiomyopathies
Ravi, S., Willis, M. S., & Schisler, J. C. (2018) · Molecular and translational medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98143-7_10 · Cited by 1
Roshchevsky, M. P., Bartusevich, E. V., Popov, A. E., & Roshchevskaya, I. M. (2008) · Doklady Biological Sciences · doi:10.1134/s0012496608050086 · Cited by 1
Marian, A. J. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-0380-3.50012-0 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMarian, A. J. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470691977.ch3 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMcNally, E. M. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-878-6_7
Expression Systems to Analyze Transgenes in the Heart
Habets, P. E. M. H., Moorman, A. F. M., & Christoffels, V. M. (2004) · Basic science for the cardiologist · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0483-2_15
Molecular biology of heart disease
Roberts, R. (2011) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v3.i4.121
Self-citationSpecific RNA Inhibition of Causal Alleles
Roberts, R. (2014) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.113.303179
Self-citationGenotype-phenotype correlations and genetic family screening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Calore, C. (2011) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)
The Genetics of Cardiac Electrophysiology in Humans
Pyeritz, R. E. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-383834-6.00057-4
Cardiac remodelling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diabesity
Lim, W. (2017) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · doi:10.4225/55/58b65fe5db46e
Genomics and Its Application to Cardiovascular Disease
Roberts, R. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-878-6_3
Self-citationMolecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disorders
Marian, A. J., & Roberts, R. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470986882.ch23
Self-citationEcocardiografía Doppler en conejos neozelandeses blancos normales
Pidal, G., ́Anna, E. D., Valega, E. P., & Lightowler, C. (2010) · Revista Veterinaria · doi:10.30972/vet.2121751
Teekakirikul, P., Ho, C. Y., & Seidman, C. E. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-383834-6.00053-7
Thin Filament Diseases of Striated Muscle
Kee, A. J., & Hardeman, E. C. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-788-0_6
Konhilas, J. P., & Leinwand, L. A. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527610754.md02
Minamino, T., & Schneider, M. D. (2001) · Developments in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1653-8_3
Mulder, G. B., & Fant, C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822528-8.00014-4
Calcagnino, M. M., & McKenna, W. J. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-153-0_2
Analyse des voies de régulation de la cardiogenèse et de la différenciation cardiomyocytaire
Jeziorowska, D. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a00fc919zb35ez4596zaa94zb83059224319
Basic Principles of Molecular Pathophysiology and Etiology of Cardiovascular Disorders
Poteser, M., Groschner, K., & Wakabayashi, I. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1334-9_1
Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Introduction and Management
Beigel, R., Siegel, R. J., & Rader, F. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15961-4_16
Metadata
- Authors
- Marian, A. J., Wu, Y., Lim, D.-S., McCluggage, M., Youker, K., Yu, Q.-T., Brugada, R., DeMayo, F., Quinones, M., & Roberts, R.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1999-12-15
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1683-1692
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC409884
- OpenAlex
- W2123240976
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (5p50hl042267-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P50-HL-42267-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, beta-myosin heavy chain, transgenic rabbit model, sarcomeric protein mutations, myocyte disarray, interstitial fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, premature mortality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Collagen, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Rabbits, RNA, Messenger, Myosin Heavy Chains, Animals, Genetically Modified
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
