The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Beyond antigens and adjuvants: formulating future vaccines
Open accessAbstract
The need to optimize vaccine potency while minimizing toxicity in healthy recipients has motivated studies of the formulation of vaccines to control how, when, and where antigens and adjuvants encounter immune cells and other cells/tissues following administration. An effective subunit vaccine must traffic to lymph nodes (LNs), activate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and persist for a sufficient time to promote a mature immune response. Here, we review approaches to tailor these three aspects of vaccine function through optimized formulations. Traditional vaccine adjuvants activate innate immune cells, promote cell-mediated transport of antigen to lymphoid tissues, and promote antigen retention in LNs. Recent studies using nanoparticles and other lymphatic-targeting strategies suggest that direct targeting of antigens and adjuvant compounds to LNs can also enhance vaccine potency without sacrificing safety. The use of formulations to regulate biodistribution and promote antigen and inflammatory cue co-uptake in immune cells may be important for next-generation molecular adjuvants. Finally, strategies to program vaccine kinetics through novel formulation and delivery strategies provide another means to enhance immune responses independent of the choice of adjuvant. These technologies offer the prospect of enhanced efficacy while maintaining high safety profiles necessary for successful vaccines.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Signature of CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion during Chronic Viral Infection
Wherry, E. J., Ha, S.-J., Kaech, S. M., Haining, W. N., Sarkar, S., Kalia, V., Subramaniam, S., Blattman, J. N., Barber, D. L., & Ahmed, R. (2007) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.09.006 · Cited by 2,103
Joshi, N. S., Cui, W., Chandele, A., Lee, H. K., Urso, D. R., Hagman, J., Gapin, L., & Kaech, S. M. (2007) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.010 · Cited by 1,861
Junt, T., Moseman, E. A., Iannacone, M., Massberg, S., Lang, P. A., Boes, M., Fink, K., Henrickson, S. E., Shayakhmetov, D. M., Di Paolo, N. C., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06287 · Cited by 846
Polymeric synthetic nanoparticles for the induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance
Maldonado, R. A., LaMothe, R. A., Ferrari, J. D., Zhang, A.-H., Rossi, R. J., Kolte, P. N., Griset, A. P., O’Neil, C., Altreuter, D. H., Browning, E., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1408686111 · Cited by 441
Supersaxo, A., Hein, W. R., & Steffen, H. (1990) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015880819328 · Cited by 386
Nabel, G. J. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1204186 · Cited by 271
Cited by
Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms
Zhao, T., Cai, Y., Jiang, Y., He, X., Wei, Y., Yu, Y., & Tian, X. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01557-7 · Cited by 1,020
Tam, H. H., Melo, M. B., Kang, M., Pelet, J. M., Ruda, V. M., Foley, M. H., Hu, J. K., Kumari, S., Crampton, J., Baldeon, A. D., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1606050113 · Cited by 425
Self-citationBacterial outer membrane vesicles as a platform for biomedical applications: An update
Li, M., Zhou, H., Yang, C., Wu, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, H., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.031 · Cited by 370
Nakamura, T., Sato, Y., Yamada, Y., Abd Elwakil, M. M., Kimura, S., Younis, M. A., & Harashima, H. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114417 · Cited by 121
Havenar-Daughton, C., Carnathan, D. G., Boopathy, A. V., Upadhyay, A. A., Murrell, B., Reiss, S. M., Enemuo, C. A., Gebru, E. H., Choe, Y., Dhadvai, P., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.008 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Moyer, T. J., Zmolek, A. C., & Irvine, D. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2016-03-01
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 799-808
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-8238
- OpenAlex
- W2289160872
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 17.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Beyond antigens and adjuvants: formulating future vaccines. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1172/jci81083
- The paper
- Moyer, T. J., Zmolek, A. C., & Irvine, D. J. (2016). Beyond antigens and adjuvants: formulating future vaccines. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci81083
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
