The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evaluation of the Reanalysis Products from GSFC, NCEP, and ECMWF Using Flux Tower Observations
Abstract
Reanalysis products produced at the various centers around the globe are utilized for many different scientific endeavors, including forcing land surface models and creating surface flux estimates. Here, flux tower observations of temperature, wind speed, precipitation, downward shortwave radiation, net surface radiation, and latent and sensible heat fluxes are used to evaluate the performance of various reanalysis products [NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) from NCEP; 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) from ECMWF; and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) from the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)]. To combine the biases and standard deviation of errors from the separate stations, a ranking system is utilized. It is found that ERA-Interim has the lowest overall bias in 6-hourly air temperature, followed closely by MERRA and GLDAS. The variability in 6-hourly air temperature is again most accurate in ERA-Interim. ERA-40 is found to have the lowest overall bias in latent heat flux, followed closely by CFSR, while ERA-40 also has the lowest 6-hourly sensible heat bias. MERRA has the second lowest and is close to ERA-40. The variability in 6-hourly precipitation is best captured by GLDAS and ERA-Interim, and ERA-40 has the lowest precipitation bias. It is also found that at monthly time scales, the bias term in the reanalysis products are the dominant cause of the mean square errors, while at 6-hourly and daily time scales the dominant contributor to the mean square errors is the correlation term. Also, it is found that the hourly CFSR data have discontinuities present due to the assimilation cycle, while the hourly MERRA data do not contain these jumps.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., et al. (1996) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:tnyrp>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 28,360
Uppala, S. M., KÅllberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Bechtold, V. D. C., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J. K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A., et al. (2005) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1256/qj.04.176 · Cited by 6,804
Gupta, H. V., Kling, H., Yilmaz, K. K., & Martinez, G. F. (2009) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.003 · Cited by 6,758
The Global Land Data Assimilation System
Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng, C.-J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., et al. (2004) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-85-3-381 · Cited by 5,614
Self-citationThe NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Saha, S., Moorthi, S., Pan, H.-L., Wu, X., Wang, J., Nadiga, S., Tripp, P., Kistler, R., Woollen, J., Behringer, D., et al. (2010) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/2010bams3001.1 · Cited by 5,136
Baldocchi, D., Falge, E. M., Gu, L., Olson, R., Hollinger, D. Y., Running, S. W., Anthoni, P. M., Bernhofer, C., Davis, K. J., Evans, R., et al. (2001) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2415:fantts>2.3.co;2 · Cited by 3,787
Ek, M. B., Mitchell, K. E., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Grunmann, P., Koren, V., Gayno, G., & Tarpley, J. D. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd003296 · Cited by 3,163
Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites
Wilson, K., Goldstein, A., Falge, E., Aubinet, M., Baldocchi, D., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Ceulemans, R., Dolman, H., Field, C., et al. (2002) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00109-0 · Cited by 2,310
Estimates of the Annual Net Carbon and Water Exchange of Forests: The EUROFLUX Methodology
Aubinet, M., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Rannik, Ü., Moncrieff, J., Foken, T., Kowalski, A. S., Martin, P. H., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., et al. (1999) · Advances in Ecological Research · doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60018-5 · Cited by 1,902
A “Vertically Lagrangian” Finite-Volume Dynamical Core for Global Models
Lin, S.-J. (2004) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2293:avlfdc>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,053
Cited by
Cannon, D. J., Brayshaw, D. J., Methven, J., Coker, P. J., & Lenaghan, D. (2015) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.10.024 · Cited by 267
Frequency and duration of low-wind-power events in Germany
Ohlendorf, N., & Schill, W.-P. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab91e9 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- Decker, M., Brunke, M. A., Wang, Z., Sakaguchi, K., Zeng, X., & Bosilovich, M. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2012-03-14
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1916-1944
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2151249467
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 7.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evaluation of the Reanalysis Products from GSFC, NCEP, and ECMWF Using Flux Tower Observations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00004.1
- The paper
- Decker, M., Brunke, M. A., Wang, Z., Sakaguchi, K., Zeng, X., & Bosilovich, M. G. (2012). Evaluation of the Reanalysis Products from GSFC, NCEP, and ECMWF Using Flux Tower Observations. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00004.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
