The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, Version 4
Open accessAbstract
Equilibrium climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) is 3.20°C for 1° horizontal resolution in each component. This is about a half degree Celsius higher than in the previous version (CCSM3). The transient climate sensitivity of CCSM4 at 1° resolution is 1.72°C, which is about 0.2°C higher than in CCSM3. These higher climate sensitivities in CCSM4 cannot be explained by the change to a preindustrial baseline climate. This study uses the radiative kernel technique to show that, from CCSM3 to CCSM4, the global mean lapse-rate feedback declines in magnitude and the shortwave cloud feedback increases. These two warming effects are partially canceled by cooling because of slight decreases in the global mean water vapor feedback and longwave cloud feedback from CCSM3 to CCSM4. A new formulation of the mixed layer, slab-ocean model in CCSM4 attempts to reproduce the SST and sea ice climatology from an integration with a full-depth ocean, and it is integrated with a dynamic sea ice model. These new features allow an isolation of the influence of ocean dynamical changes on the climate response when comparing integrations with the slab ocean and full-depth ocean. The transient climate response of the full-depth ocean version is 0.54 of the equilibrium climate sensitivity when estimated with the new slab-ocean model version for both CCSM3 and CCSM4. The authors argue the ratio is the same in both versions because they have about the same zonal mean pattern of change in ocean surface heat flux, which broadly resembles the zonal mean pattern of net feedback strength.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Community Climate System Model Version 4
Gent, P. R., Danabasoglu, G., Donner, L. J., Holland, M. M., Hunke, E. C., Jayne, S. R., Lawrence, D. M., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P. J., Vertenstein, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2011jcli4083.1 · Cited by 3,133
Self-citationClimate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment.
Bongaarts], [. (1992) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1971875 · Cited by 3,109
The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)
Collins, W. D., Bitz, C. M., Blackmon, M. L., Bonan, G. B., Bretherton, C. S., Carton, J. A., Chang, P., Doney, S. C., Hack, J. J., Henderson, T. B., et al. (2006) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli3761.1 · Cited by 2,251
Self-citationRadiative forcing and climate response
Hansen, J., Sato, M., & Ruedy, R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03436 · Cited by 2,241
Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0)
Collins, W. D., Rasch, P., Boville, A. E., McCaa, J. R., Williamson, L., Kiehl, J., Briegleb, B. P., Bitz, C. M., Lin, S., Zhang, M., et al. (2004) · doi:10.5065/d63n21ch · Cited by 2,209
Self-citationClimate models and their evaluation
Randall, D. A., & Fichefet, T. (2007) · University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) · Cited by 1,500
Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models
Holland, M. M., & Bitz, C. M. (2003) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0332-6 · Cited by 1,230
Self-citationAn Assessment of Climate Feedbacks in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Models
Soden, B. J., & Held, I. M. (2006) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli3799.1 · Cited by 1,082
A new method for diagnosing radiative forcing and climate sensitivity
Gregory, J. M., Ingram, W. J., Palmer, M. A., Jones, G. S., Stott, P. A., Thorpe, R. B., Lowe, J. A., Johns, T. C., & Williams, K. D. (2004) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2003gl018747 · Cited by 1,075
Schmidt, G. A., Ruedy, R., Hansen, J. E., Aleinov, I., Bell, N., Bauer, M., Bauer, S., Cairns, B., Canuto, V., Cheng, Y., et al. (2006) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli3612.1 · Cited by 903
Cited by
The early Eocene equable climate problem revisited
Huber, M., & Caballero, R. (2011) · Climate of the Past · doi:10.5194/cp-7-603-2011 · Cited by 403
Holland, M. M., Bailey, D. A., Briegleb, B. P., Light, B., & Hunke, E. (2012) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00078.1 · Cited by 386
Self-citationGao, Y., Fu, J. S., Drake, J. B., Liu, Y., & Lamarque, J.-F. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044025 · Cited by 184
Assessing the Habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 System Using a 3D Climate Model
Wolf, E. T. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa693a · Cited by 172
Li, H., & Sriver, R. L. (2018) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2017ms001199 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Bitz, C. M., Shell, K. M., Gent, P. R., Bailey, D. A., Danabasoglu, G., Armour, K. C., Holland, M. M., & Kiehl, J. T.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3053-3070
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2154067776
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 20.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, Version 4. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00290.1
- The paper
- Bitz, C. M., Shell, K. M., Gent, P. R., Bailey, D. A., Danabasoglu, G., Armour, K. C., Holland, M. M., & Kiehl, J. T. (2012). Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, Version 4. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00290.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.