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Cited by 265

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, Version 4

Open access
Bitz, C. M., Shell, K. M., Gent, P. R., Bailey, D. A., Danabasoglu, G., Armour, K. C., Holland, M. M., Kiehl, J. T.·2012·Journal of Climate

Abstract

Equilibrium climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) is 3.20°C for 1° horizontal resolution in each component. This is about a half degree Celsius higher than in the previous version (CCSM3). The transient climate sensitivity of CCSM4 at 1° resolution is 1.72°C, which is about 0.2°C higher than in CCSM3. These higher climate sensitivities in CCSM4 cannot be explained by the change to a preindustrial baseline climate. This study uses the radiative kernel technique to show that, from CCSM3 to CCSM4, the global mean lapse-rate feedback declines in magnitude and the shortwave cloud feedback increases. These two warming effects are partially canceled by cooling because of slight decreases in the global mean water vapor feedback and longwave cloud feedback from CCSM3 to CCSM4. A new formulation of the mixed layer, slab-ocean model in CCSM4 attempts to reproduce the SST and sea ice climatology from an integration with a full-depth ocean, and it is integrated with a dynamic sea ice model. These new features allow an isolation of the influence of ocean dynamical changes on the climate response when comparing integrations with the slab ocean and full-depth ocean. The transient climate response of the full-depth ocean version is 0.54 of the equilibrium climate sensitivity when estimated with the new slab-ocean model version for both CCSM3 and CCSM4. The authors argue the ratio is the same in both versions because they have about the same zonal mean pattern of change in ocean surface heat flux, which broadly resembles the zonal mean pattern of net feedback strength.

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Metadata

Authors
Bitz, C. M., Shell, K. M., Gent, P. R., Bailey, D. A., Danabasoglu, G., Armour, K. C., Holland, M. M., & Kiehl, J. T.
Venue
Journal of Climate
Published
2012-05
Volume
25
Issue
9
Pages
3053-3070
ISSN
  • 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-0442
OpenAlex
W2154067776
Cited by
265
References
32
FWCI
20.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, Version 4. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00290.1
The paper
Bitz, C. M., Shell, K. M., Gent, P. R., Bailey, D. A., Danabasoglu, G., Armour, K. C., Holland, M. M., & Kiehl, J. T. (2012). Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model, Version 4. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00290.1

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