The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward a Minimal Representation of Aerosols in Climate Models: Comparative Decomposition of Aerosol Direct, Semidirect, and Indirect Radiative Forcing
Abstract
The authors have decomposed the anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing into direct contributions from each aerosol species to the planetary energy balance through absorption and scattering of solar radiation, indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosol on solar and infrared radiation through droplet and crystal nucleation on aerosol, and semidirect effects through the influence of solar absorption on the distribution of clouds. A three-mode representation of the aerosol in version 5.1 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5.1) yields global annual mean radiative forcing estimates for each of these forcing mechanisms that are within 0.1 W m−2 of estimates using a more complex seven-mode representation that distinguishes between fresh and aged black carbon and primary organic matter. Simulating fresh black carbon particles separately from internally mixed accumulation mode particles is found to be important only near fossil fuel sources. In addition to the usual large indirect effect on solar radiation, this study finds an unexpectedly large positive longwave indirect effect (because of enhanced cirrus produced by homogenous nucleation of ice crystals on anthropogenic sulfate), small shortwave and longwave semidirect effects, and a small direct effect (because of cancelation and interactions of direct effects of black carbon and sulfate). Differences between the three-mode and seven-mode versions are significantly larger (up to 0.2 W m−2) when the hygroscopicity of primary organic matter is decreased from 0.1 to 0 and transfer of the primary carbonaceous aerosol to the accumulation mode in the seven-mode version requires more hygroscopic material coating the primary particles. Radiative forcing by cloudborne anthropogenic black carbon is only −0.07 W m−2.
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Cites
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., & Clough, S. A. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/97jd00237 · Cited by 8,419
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., & Collins, W. D. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd009944 · Cited by 5,738
Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
Forster, P. M. D. F., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P. E., Berntsen, T. K., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J. L., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., et al. (2007) · elib (German Aerospace Center) · Cited by 4,635
Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1180353 · Cited by 4,167
Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review
Bond, T. C., & Bergstrom, R. W. (2006) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820500421521 · Cited by 2,980
Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds: The Software Package OPAC
Hess, M., Koepke, P., & Schult, I. (1998) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0831:opoaac>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,909
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Lohmann, U., & Feichter, J. (2005) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-5-715-2005 · Cited by 2,606
Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols
Jacobson, M. Z. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35055518 · Cited by 2,512
Radiative forcing and climate response
Hansen, J., Sato, M., & Ruedy, R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03436 · Cited by 2,241
Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010 · Cited by 2,105 · cited 1×
“Emissions are from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report (AR5) estimates (Lamarque et al. 2010).”
Background
Cited by
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171 · Cited by 6,385
Self-citationThe Community Earth System Model: A Framework for Collaborative Research
Hurrell, J. W., Holland, M. M., Gent, P. R., Ghan, S., Kay, J. E., Kushner, P. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Large, W. G., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., et al. (2013) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-12-00121.1 · Cited by 2,686
Self-citationRadiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations
Shindell, D. T., Lamarque, J.-F., Schulz, M., Flanner, M., Jiao, C., Chin, M., Young, P. J., Lee, Y. H., Rotstayn, L., Mahowald, N., et al. (2013) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013 · Cited by 447
Self-citationWehner, M. F., Reed, K. A., Li, F., Prabhat, Bacmeister, J., Chen, C., Paciorek, C., Gleckler, P. J., Sperber, K. R., Collins, W. D., et al. (2014) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2013ms000276 · Cited by 288
Prospero, J. M., Delany, A. C., Delany, A. C., & Carlson, T. N. (2021) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-19-0309.1 · Cited by 91
Metadata
- Authors
- Ghan, S. J., Liu, X., Easter, R. C., Zaveri, R., Rasch, P. J., Yoon, J.-H., & Eaton, B.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2012-04-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 6461-6476
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2000187063
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 71
- FWCI
- 16.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Ghan, S. J., Liu, X., Easter, R. C., Zaveri, R., Rasch, P. J., Yoon, J.-H., & Eaton, B. (2012). Toward a Minimal Representation of Aerosols in Climate Models: Comparative Decomposition of Aerosol Direct, Semidirect, and Indirect Radiative Forcing. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00650.1
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
