The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Earth’s Energy Imbalance
Open accessAbstract
Climate change from increased greenhouse gases arises from a global energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). TOA measurements of radiation from space can track changes over time but lack absolute accuracy. An inventory of energy storage changes shows that over 90% of the imbalance is manifested as a rise in ocean heat content (OHC). Data from the Ocean Reanalysis System, version 4 (ORAS4), and other OHC-estimated rates of change are used to compare with model-based estimates of TOA energy imbalance [from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4)] and with TOA satellite measurements for the year 2000 onward. Most ocean-only OHC analyses extend to only 700-m depth, have large discrepancies among the rates of change of OHC, and do not resolve interannual variability adequately to capture ENSO and volcanic eruption effects, all aspects that are improved with assimilation of multivariate data. ORAS4 rates of change of OHC quantitatively agree with the radiative forcing estimates of impacts of the three major volcanic eruptions since 1960 (Mt. Agung, 1963; El Chichón, 1982; and Mt. Pinatubo, 1991). The natural variability of the energy imbalance is substantial from month to month, associated with cloud and weather variations, and interannually mainly associated with ENSO, while the sun affects 15% of the climate change signal on decadal time scales. All estimates (OHC and TOA) show that over the past decade the energy imbalance ranges between about 0.5 and 1 W m−2. By using the full-depth ocean, there is a better overall accounting for energy, but discrepancies remain at interannual time scales between OHC- and TOA-based estimates, notably in 2008/09.
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Cites
The Community Climate System Model Version 4
Gent, P. R., Danabasoglu, G., Donner, L. J., Holland, M. M., Hunke, E. C., Jayne, S. R., Lawrence, D. M., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P. J., Vertenstein, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2011jcli4083.1 · Cited by 3,133
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
Trenberth, K. E., Jones, P. D., Ambenje, P., Bojariu, R., Easterling, D. R., Tank, A. K., Parker, D., Rahimzadeh, F., Renwick, J. A., Rusticucci, M., et al. (2007) · elib (German Aerospace Center) · Cited by 2,044
Self-citationTrenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., & Kiehl, J. (2009) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/2008bams2634.1 · Cited by 1,990
Self-citationContributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in the Rate of Global Warming
Solomon, S., Rosenlof, K. H., Portmann, R. W., Daniel, J. S., Davis, S. M., Sanford, T. J., & Plattner, G.-K. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182488 · Cited by 1,218
World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0–2000 m), 1955–2010
Levitus, S., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Baranova, O. K., Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Reagan, J. R., Seidov, D., Yarosh, E. S., et al. (2012) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2012gl051106 · Cited by 1,176
Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level
Bindoff, N. L., Willebrand, J., Artale, V., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J. M., Guley, S., Hanawa, K., Quéré, C. L., Levitus, S., Nojiri, Y., et al. (2007) · UTAS Research Repository · Cited by 1,093
Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4
Balmaseda, M. A., Mogensen, K., & Weaver, A. T. (2013) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.2063 · Cited by 1,020
Self-citationRoemmich, D., & Gilson, J. (2009) · Progress in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.03.004 · Cited by 1,016
Toward Optimal Closure of the Earth's Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation Budget
Loeb, N. G., Wielicki, B. A., Doelling, D. R., Smith, G. L., Keyes, D. F., Kato, S., Manalo-Smith, N., & Wong, T. (2009) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2637.1 · Cited by 960
Partitioning Recent Greenland Mass Loss
van den Broeke, M., Bamber, J., Ettema, J., Rignot, E., Schrama, E., van de Berg, W. J., van Meijgaard, E., Velicogna, I., & Wouters, B. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1178176 · Cited by 844
Cited by
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., et al. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.3803 · Cited by 31,882
Attribution of climate extreme events
Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., & Shepherd, T. G. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2657 · Cited by 982
Self-citationImproved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015
Cheng, L., Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J., Boyer, T., Abraham, J., & Zhu, J. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601545 · Cited by 871
Self-citationBuckley, M. W., & Marshall, J. (2016) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1002/2015rg000493 · Cited by 867
Environmental impacts of solar energy systems: A review
Rabaia, M. K. H., Abdelkareem, M. A., Sayed, E. T., Elsaid, K., Chae, K.-J., Wilberforce, T., & Olabi, A. G. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141989 · Cited by 744
Metadata
- Authors
- Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., & Balmaseda, M. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2014-04-23
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3129-3144
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2136736608
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 52
- FWCI
- 28.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
