South Atlantic variability arising from air-sea coupling: Local mechanisms and tropical–subtropical interactions.
Open accessAbstract
Interannual variability in the southern and equatorial Atlantic is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to a slab ocean model (SOM) in the Atlantic in order to isolate features of air–sea interactions particular to this basin. Simulated covariability between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and atmosphere is very similar to the observed non-ENSO-related covariations in both spatial structures and time scales. The leading simulated empirical coupled mode resembles the zonal mode in the tropical Atlantic, despite the lack of ocean dynamics, and is associated with baroclinic atmospheric anomalies in the Tropics and a Rossby wave train extending to the extratropics, suggesting an atmospheric response to tropical SST forcing. The second non-ENSO mode is the subtropical dipole in the SST with a mainly equivalent barotropic atmospheric anomaly centered on the subtropical high and associated with a midlatitude wave train, consistent with atmospheric forcing of the subtropical SST. The power spectrum of the tropical mode in both simulation and observation is red with two major interannual peaks near 5 and 2 yr. The quasi-biennial component exhibits a progression between the subtropics and the Tropics. It is phase locked to the seasonal cycle and owes its existence to the imbalances between SST–evaporation and SST–shortwave radiation feedbacks. These feedbacks are found to be reversed between the western and eastern South Atlantic, associated with the dominant role of deep convection in the west and that of shallow clouds in the east. A correct representation of tropical–extratropical interactions and of deep and shallow clouds may thus be crucial to the simulation of realistic interannual variability in the southern and tropical Atlantic.
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From JJAS to SOND, negative latent heat flux anomalies could be responsible for the damping at the south of the tongue, while radiative fluxes reduce the SST anomalies at the east.
“From JJAS to SOND, negative latent heat flux anomalies could be responsible for the damping at the south of the tongue, while radiative fluxes reduce the SST anomalies at the east, in agreement with Trzaska et al. (2007).”
From Tropical Atlantic variability modes (1979-2002). Part I: Time-evolving SST modes related to West African rainfall (2008) · cites this paper as Trzaska et al. (2007)
In “Air-sea interactions in the QB mode,” the paper says latent heat flux damps SST anomalies in the southeastern Atlantic, supporting the first mechanism. It says radiative feedback in the eastern basin is positive and increases SST-anomaly persistence, rather than reducing the anomalies there. The passages also do not establish the specific JJAS-to-SOND timing. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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References 68 · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Barreiro, M., A. Giannini, P. Chang, and R. Saravannan, 2004: On the role of the South Atlantic atmospheric circulation in tropical Atlantic variability. Earth's Climate: The Ocean- Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 147, Amer. Geophys. Union, 143-156.
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- Authors
- Trzaska, S., Robertson, A. W., Farrara, J. D., & Mechoso, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2007-07-15
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3345-3365
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2023170010
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Climate (publishedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA05OAR4311004, NA03OAR4320179, NA06GP0511)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Keywords
- air-sea coupling, Rossby wave train, quasi-biennial oscillation, deep convection, shallow clouds, tropical-extratropical interaction, equatorial Atlantic
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