CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 663Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma

Bessel A. van der Kolk, Onno van der Hart·1989·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/ajp.146.12.1530
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this reappraisal of the work of Pierre Janet at the centenary of the publication of L'automatisme psychologique, the authors review his investigations into the mental processes that transform traumatic experiences into psychopathology. Janet was the first to systematically study dissociation as the crucial psychological process with which the organism reacts to overwhelming experiences and show that traumatic memories may be expressed as sensory perceptions, affect states, and behavioral reenactments. Janet provided a broad framework that unifies into a larger perspective the various approaches to psychological functioning which have developed along independent lines in this century. Today his integrated approach may help clarify the interrelationships among such diverse topics as memory processes, state-dependent learning, dissociative reactions, and posttraumatic psychopathology.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/ajp.146.12.1530

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 42

  1. Janet P, Psychological Healing, vols 1, 2
  2. Janet P, 1889, L'automatisme psychologique: essai de psychologie exp#{233}rimentale sur les formes inf#{233}rieuresde l'activit#{233}humaine
  3. Carison ET, 1986, Split Minds/Split Brains
  4. Freud, 1919, Introduction to "Psychoanalysis and the War Neuroses
  5. 1969, Krystal H: Massive Psychic Trauma
  6. Freud S, 1896, The aetiology of hysteria
  7. Perry C, 1984, The Unconscious Reconsidered
  8. Bergeron M, Centenaire de Pierre Janet 1859-1959. L'Information Psychiatrique 1960
  9. Janet P, 1893, Etat mental des hyst#{233}riques: Biblioth#{232}que M#{233}dicale Charcot-Debove, vols 1, 2
  10. Janet P, 1903, Les obssessions et la psychasthenie, vols 1, 2
  11. Kihlstrom JF, 1984, The Unconscious Reconsidered
  12. Janet P, 1904, J de Psychologie, 4, 417
  13. Janet P, 1911, L'#{233}tatmental des hysteriques
  14. Janet P, 1929, L'evolution de la personnalite
  15. Bergson H, 1896, Mati#{232}reet mCmoire
  16. Janet P, 1898, NCvroses et idCes fixes, vols 1, 2
  17. Janet P, 1893, Revue Generale des Sciences, 4, 167
  18. van der Hart 0, 1989, Dissociation, 2, 3
  19. Janet P, 1909, Flammarion
  20. Janet P, 1909, Rev Neurol, 17, 1551
  21. Kandel ER, 1985, Schwartz JH: Principles of Neural Science
  22. Reite M, 1985, Fla
  23. Neisser U, 1967, Cognitive Psychology
  24. Piaget J, 1973, Structuralism
  25. van der Kolk BA, 1987, Psychological Trauma
  26. Squire LR, 1987, Memory and the Brain
  27. Putnam FW, 1986, J Clin Psychiatry, 47, 285
  28. Blank AS, 1985, American Psychiatric Press
  29. 1985, The Childhood Antecedents of Multiple Personality
  30. Noyes R, 1977, Psychiatry, 18, 375
  31. Rainey JM, 1987, Am J Psychiatry, 144, 17
  32. Wolff PH, 1987, The Development of Behavioral States and the Expression of Emotions in Early Infancy
  33. Putnam F, 1988, Dissociation, 1, 24
  34. 10.1002/jts.2490010302 · DOI
  35. Pynoos RS, 1985, Brunner/Mazel
  36. Gleser GC, 1981, Winget C: Prolonged Psychosocial Effects of a Disaster: A Study of Buffalo Creek
  37. Lindy J, 1987, Vietnam, a Case Book
  38. Wilson JP, 1985, Brunner/Mazel
  39. Crocq L, Verbizier J: Le traumatisme psychologique dans l'oeuvre de Pierre Janet. Bull de Psychologie, tome XLI 1988
  40. Brown DP, 1986, Fromm E: Hypnotherapy and Hypnoanaiysis
  41. Erickson M, 1980, The Collected Papers of Milton Erickson on Hypnosis
  42. Janet P, 1935, Ann Med Psychol (Paris), 93, 329

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 663

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
van der Kolk, B. A., & van der Hart, O.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
ORCID
Bessel A. van der Kolk
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
1989-12-01
Volume
146
Issue
12
Pages
1530-1540
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/ajp.146.12.1530
OpenAlex
W2295171167
Cited by
658
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 19
FWCI
27.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
Pierre Janet, dissociation, psychological trauma, traumatic memory, reenactment, memory processes, state-dependent learning, dissociative reactions, history of psychology
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Combat Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, France, Humans, Hysteria, Learning, Memory, Models, Psychological, Neurotic Disorders, Psychiatry, Psychological Theory, Stress, Psychological, Temperament, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review