MRI volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala in adults with Down’s syndrome with and without dementia
Abstract
Objective This study sought to determine whether volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala are disproportionately smaller in subjects with Down's syndrome than in normal comparison subjects and whether volume reduction is greater in Down's syndrome subjects with dementia. Method The subjects were 25 adults with Down's syndrome (eight with dementia) and 25 cognitively normal adults who were individually matched on age, sex, and race. Magnetic resonance imaging measures included volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and total brain. Nineteen of the Down's syndrome subjects had follow-up scans (interscan interval = 9-41 months). Results Nondemented Down's syndrome subjects had significantly smaller volumes of the hippocampus, but not the amygdala, than their comparison subjects, even when total brain volume was controlled for. Volumes of both the hippocampus and the amygdala were smaller in the demented Down's syndrome subjects than in their comparison subjects, even when total brain volume was controlled for. Age was not correlated with volume of the hippocampus or amygdala among the nondemented Down's syndrome subjects and the comparison subjects; age was correlated with volume of the amygdala, but not the hippocampus, among the Down's syndrome subjects with dementia. Changes in volume over time were not statistically significant for either the demented or the nondemented subjects. Conclusions Hippocampal volume, while disproportionately small for brain size in individuals with…
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Regions of disproportionately small brain volume in DS include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus.
“Cognitive impairment is a hallmark DS phenotype affecting all individuals with Ts21 (Antonarakis et al., 2020) with regions of disproportionately small brain volume including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus (Aylward et al., 1999; Kesslak et al., 1994; Pinter et al., 2001; Raz et al., 1995; Weis et al., 1991).”
From Sex-specific developmental alterations in DYRK1A expression in the brain of a Down syndrome mouse model (2024) · cites this paper as Aylward et al., 1999
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References 19 · Cited by 217
- Authors
- Aylward, E. H., Li, Q., Honeycutt, N. A., Warren, A. C., Pulsifer, M. B., Barta, P. E., Chan, M. D., Smith, P. D., Jerram, M., & Pearlson, G. D.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1999-04-01
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 564-568
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2109788848
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r01ns028115-01a2)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-28115)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, hippocampus, amygdala, brain volume, brain atrophy, neuroimaging, total brain volume
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Amygdala, Atrophy, Brain, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Down Syndrome, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Comorbidity
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