Cited by 115Eating Disorders and BehaviorsRegulation of Appetite and ObesityMental Health and Psychiatry

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

PRIMARY AFFECT HUNGER

Levy, David M.·1937·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/ajp.94.3.643

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/ajp.94.3.643

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

A theory of human motivation.
Maslow, A. H. (1943) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054346 · Cited by 21,563
A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION
Axford, N. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315258324-16 · Cited by 11,329
A secure base: parent-child attachment and healthy human development
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-4750 · Cited by 4,885
Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect.
Bowlby, J. (1982) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x · Cited by 2,930
The Instinctoid Nature of Basic Needs1
MASLOW, A. H. (1954) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1954.tb01136.x · Cited by 421
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, AND ADULT CRIMINALITY*
McCord, J. (1991) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01072.x · Cited by 276
Maternal deprivation: Toward an empirical and conceptual re-evaluation.
Yarrow, L. J. (1961) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0043656 · Cited by 231
Attachment disorders: Assessment strategies and treatment approaches
O’Connor, T. G., & Zeanah, C. H. (2003) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730310001593974 · Cited by 195
Infant care and personality.
Orlansky, H. (1949) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0058106 · Cited by 185
Beyond attachment theory and therapy: Towards sensitive and evidence‐based interventions with foster and adoptive families in distress
Barth, R. P., Crea, T. M., John, K., Thoburn, J., & Quinton, D. (2005) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2005.00380.x · Cited by 159
Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy and Early Childhood
Boris, N. W., & Zeanah, C. H. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000177056.41655.ce · Cited by 148
Current perspectives on childhood depression: an overview
Kashani, J. H., Husain, A., Shekim, W. O., Hodges, K. K., Cytryn, L., & McKnew, D. H. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.2.143 · Cited by 143
On Sadness and Grief in Infancy and Childhood
Mahler, M. S. (1961) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.1961.11823214 · Cited by 140
Infant rearing and problem behavior.
Goldfarb, W. (1943) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1943.tb05996.x · Cited by 138
The effects of early experience on behavior and growth characteristics.
Weininger, O. (1956) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0045334 · Cited by 138
Observations on Adopted Children
Schechter, M. D. (1960) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1960.01710010023005 · Cited by 136
Emotional deprivation in infants
BAKWIN, H. T. (1949) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(49)80071-0 · Cited by 135
An exploratory study of the association between reactive attachment disorder and attachment narratives in early school‐age children
Minnis, H., Green, J., O’Connor, T. G., Liew, A., Glaser, D., Taylor, E., Follan, M., Young, D., Barnes, J., Gillberg, C., et al. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02075.x · Cited by 132
The role of the family in the development of psychopathology.
Frank, G. (1965) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0022427 · Cited by 102
Effects of 6-Day Maternal Deprivation on Rhesus Monkey Infants
Hinde, R. A., Spencer‐Booth, Y., & BRUCE, M. (1966) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2101021a0 · Cited by 99
The Assessment Checklist for Children — ACC: A behavioral rating scale for children in foster, kinship and residential care
Tarren‐Sweeney, M. (2007) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.01.008 · Cited by 93
An appetitional theory of sexual motivation.
Hardy, K. R. (1964) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0047158 · Cited by 71
The centrality of personal relationships in the creation and amelioration of mental health problems: the current interdisciplinary case
Pilgrim, D. M., Rogers, A. E., & Bentall, R. P. (2009) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459308099686 · Cited by 69
SOME THEORETICAL CONSEQUENCES OF BASIC NEED‐GRATIFICATION1
Maslow, A. H. (1948) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1948.tb02296.x · Cited by 71
Conscience in the psychopath.
Greenacre, P. (1945) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1945.tb04963.x · Cited by 69
The social nature of the mother's tie to her child: John Bowlby's theory of attachment in post-war America
Vicedo, M. (2011) · The British Journal for the History of Science · doi:10.1017/s0007087411000318 · Cited by 57
Adopting children with attachment problems.
Hughes, D. A. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 57
Posttraumatic stress disorder in adopted children from Romania.
Hoksbergen, R. A. C., ter Laak, J. J. F., van Dijkum, C., Rijk, S., Rijk, K., & Stoutjesdijk, F. (2003) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.73.3.255 · Cited by 53
ON EARLY INFANTILE PSYCHOSIS
Mahler, M. S. (1965) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62158-0 · Cited by 50
Reversibility of Pathological Fixations Associated with Maternal Deprivation in Infancy
Alpert, A. (1959) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.1959.11822828 · Cited by 48
Why Some Children Come to School with “Baggage”: The Effects of Trauma Due to Poverty, Attachment Disruption and Disconnection on Social Skills and Relationships
Wilkinson, I. G. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse · doi:10.29173/cjfy27147 · Cited by 45
The Father of Ethology and the Foster Mother of Ducks: Konrad Lorenz as Expert on Motherhood
Vicedo, M. (2009) · Isis · doi:10.1086/599553 · Cited by 45
Securing attachment: The shifting medicalisation of attachment and attachment disorders
Kanieski, M. A. (2010) · Health Risk & Society · doi:10.1080/13698571003789682 · Cited by 43
Effects of Deprivation on Institutionalized Infants
PROVENCE, S. A., & Ritvo, S. (1961) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.1961.11823206 · Cited by 40
Crime and Family: Selected Essays of Joan McCord
McCord, J. (2007) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 39
CLINICAL AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON CRIMINAL PSYCHOPATHS
SILVERMAN, D. (1943) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1943.02290190028003 · Cited by 38
Affects, Agency, and Self-Regulation: Complexity Theory in the Treatment of Children With Anxiety and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Tyson, P. (2005) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/00030651050530012201 · Cited by 35
Vitamins for the soul: John Bowlby’s thesis of maternal deprivation, biomedical metaphors and the deficiency model of disease
Duniec, E., & Raz, M. (2011) · History of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0957154x10389741 · Cited by 31
The Communication of Affect in Rhesus Monkeys: I. An Experimental Method
Mirsky, I. A., Miller, R. E., & Murphy, J. V. (1958) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/000306515800600303 · Cited by 31
The Care Placements Evaluation (CaPE) Evaluation of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Adolescents (MTFC-A)
Biehal, N., Green, J., Sinclair, I., Roberts, C., Dixon, J., Kay, C., Parry, E., Roby, A., Rothwell, J., & Kapadia, D. (2012) · Digital Education Resource Archive (University College London) · Cited by 30
Forty‐four juvenile thieves revisited: from bowlby to reactive attachment disorder
Follan, M., & Minnis, H. (2010) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01048.x · Cited by 29
Attachment Theory and Parental Alienation
Lowenstein, L. F. (2010) · Journal of Divorce & Remarriage · doi:10.1080/10502551003597808 · Cited by 29
BEFORE ATTACHMENT THEORY: SEPARATION RESEARCH AT THE TAVISTOCK CLINIC, 1948–1956
Polat, B. (2016) · Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbs.21834 · Cited by 27
Mothers, machines, and morals: Harry Harlow's work on primate love from lab to legend
Vicedo, M. (2009) · Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbs.20378 · Cited by 31
Eating disorders: Their genesis in the mother-infant relationship
Charone, J. K. (1982) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(198222)1:4 · Cited by 27
Effects of institutional vs. boarding home care on a group of infants
LEVY, R. J. (1947) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1947.tb01065.x · Cited by 22
Psychopathic behavior in infants and children: A critical survey of the existing concepts: Round Table, 1950.
Karpman, B. (1951) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1951.tb06100.x · Cited by 23
The effect of separation from the mother in early life
Bowlby, J. (1954) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/bf02952876 · Cited by 22
A CRITIQUE OF STUDIES OF INFANT ISOLATION1
Stone, L. J. (1954) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1954.tb04738.x · Cited by 22
Contribution de quatre pionnières à l'étude de la carence de soins maternels
Dugravier, R., & Guédeney, A. (2007) · La psychiatrie de l enfant · doi:10.3917/psye.492.0405 · Cited by 20
Psychoanalytic Theories of Infant Development and Its Disturbances: A Critical Evaluation
Brody, S. (1982) · The Psychoanalytic Quarterly · doi:10.1080/21674086.1982.11927010 · Cited by 19
A history of borderline: disorder at the heart of psychiatry
Jones, D. W. (2023) · Journal of Psychosocial Studies · doi:10.1332/147867323x16871713092130 · Cited by 15
Psychosocial Contributions to Psychopathy and Violence
McCord, J. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1367-4_8 · Cited by 15
Obesity: A Psychoanalytic Challenge
Glucksman, M. L. (1989) · Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1521/jaap.1.1989.17.1.151 · Cited by 17
Effects of Parental Deprivation: An Overview of Literature and Report on Some Current Research
Weininger, O. (1972) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1972.30.2.591 · Cited by 15
The outcome of treatment of children rejected by their mothers1
Witmer, H. L., Leach, J. M., McKee, L., Seibel, M., Steiner, V., & Richman, E. (1938) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377313809512777 · Cited by 13
A COMPARISON OF SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONALITY IN TWO SIMPLE SOCIETIES
UNDERWOOD, F. W., & Honigmann, I. (1947) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1947.49.4.02a00040 · Cited by 11
Hospitalization Symptoms in Children
ÖRSTEN, P., & Mattsson, Å. (1955) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1955.tb04115.x · Cited by 10
Psychological Perspective
Gregory, V. L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0440-8_5-1 · Cited by 9
Nursing care for the emerging family: Promoting paternal behavior
Kunst-Wilson, W. R., & Cronenwett, L. R. (1981) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770040106 · Cited by 9
EMOTIONAL ACRESCENTISM
Sachs, L. J. (1962) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62114-2 · Cited by 8
Crimes and misdemeanours: the case of child abandonment
Giordano, S. (2007) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme.2005.014126 · Cited by 7
Social Influence on Child and Parent via Stimulation and Operant-Learning Mechanisms
Gewirtz, J. L. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2620-3_7 · Cited by 8
The influence of certain aspects of the home environment on the adjustment of children to kindergarten1
Gottemoller, R. (1939) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377313909512790 · Cited by 7
A special therapeutic technique for prelatency children with a history of deficiency in maternal care.
Alpert, A. (1963) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1963.tb00370.x · Cited by 7
A differential study of psychopathic behavior in infants and children: Round table, 1951.
Karpman, B., Sontag, L. W., Rabinovitch, R. D., Lippman, H. S., & Lourie, R. S. (1952) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1952.tb01953.x · Cited by 7
GROWTH OF THE INDIVIDUAL'S CONCEPT OF SELF Theory and Some Pediatric Considerations
Zuger, B. (1952) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1952.02040100017001 · Cited by 7
ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTION IN INFANCY
Murphy, L. B. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-558702-0.50007-8 · Cited by 6
Cold War Emotions: Mother Love and the War over Human Nature
Vicedo, M. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137013224_13 · Cited by 5
Psychoanalysis and theories of learning.
Misbach, L. (1948) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0056971 · Cited by 5
Constructive values associated with rejection.
Burgum, M. (1940) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1940.tb05693.x · Cited by 5
Risk Bilinçli Annelik: Uzman Risk Söylemlerinin Annelik Deneyimi Üzerindeki Etkisi
Sadıkoğlu, Z. Z. (2021) · İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi / İstanbul University Journal of Sociology · doi:10.26650/sj.2021.41.1.0016 · Cited by 4
Mental Hygiene, Psychoanalysis, and Interwar Psychology: The Making of the Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis
Polat, B. (2021) · Isis · doi:10.1086/714599 · Cited by 4
Was cultural deprivation in fact sensory deprivation? Deprivation, retardation and intervention in the USA
Raz, M. (2010) · History of the Human Sciences · doi:10.1177/0952695110389931 · Cited by 4
Psychological Perspective
Gregory, V. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6975-9_5 · Cited by 4
Psychotherapy and childhood.
Levy, D. M. (1940) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1940.tb05768.x · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Are parents really attached to their adopted children?
Subhani, M. I., Osman, A., Abrar, F., & Hasan, S. A. (2014) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-545 · Cited by 3
Clinical research from in-patient services for children, 1920–1957
Bender, L. (1961) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/bf01572560 · Cited by 3
Excessive appetite: A behavior symptom inmaladjusted children
Meloan, E. L. (1941) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(41)80085-7 · Cited by 3
The relationship between intellectual inadequacy and emotional and sociocultural privation
Benda, C. E., Squires, N. D., Ogonik, J., Wise, R. I., & Akin, R. (1964) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(64)80009-2 · Cited by 3
JEAN-MARC-GASPARD ITARD AND THE SAVAGE OF AVEYRON: AN UNSOLVED DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM IN CHILD PSYCHIATRY
Silberstein, R. M., & Irwin, H. (1962) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-196204000-00009 · Cited by 2
The Unwanted Child
Blau, A. (1964) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-5910-6_27 · Cited by 2
A Psychoanalytic Approach to Ethics
Breen, H. J. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1521/jaap.1986.14.2.255 · Cited by 2
DEFICIENCY CONDITIONS OF STIMULATION AND THE REVERSAL OF THEIR EFFECTS VIA ENRICHMENT
Gewirtz, J. L. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-504750-0.50029-6 · Cited by 2
Adolescents' Perception of Parental Behavior toward Them and its Relationship with Sex, Delinquency, and Security
Mojallali, S. (1972) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 2
Großzügigkeit als grundlegendes Element der Positive Peer Culture
Brendtro, L. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58409-5_3 · Cited by 1
La lente prise en compte de la dimension de l’attachement de l’enfant hospitalisé en pédiatrie et en protection de l’enfance. Une brève histoire de l’hospitalisme et de la reconnaissance des besoins d’attachement des jeunes enfants, en l’Europe et aux États-Unis
Guédeney, A., & Dupong, I. (2021) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/j.banm.2021.01.026 · Cited by 1
Attachment-informed Care in a Primary Care Setting
Grabbe, L. (2015) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.12.014 · Cited by 1
Adopted Children: The Risk of Interactive Misattunement Between the Infant and Adoptive Mother in the Child Relinquished at Birth
Honig, S. B. (2014) · Adoption Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10926755.2014.891547 · Cited by 1
Reactive Attachment Disorder and Severe Attachment Disturbances
O’Connor, T. G., Spagnola, M., & Byrne, J. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp001018 · Cited by 1
The Role of Love in Preschool Education
Prescott, D. A. (1962) · Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/00094056.1962.10726918 · Cited by 1
The Pediatrician's Role in Maternal Deprivation
Leaverton, D. R. (1968) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992286800700609 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Early Loss on Depression: Dynamic Origins and Empirical Findings
Bravo, I. M. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315785981-4 · Cited by 1
Conscience in the Psychopath*
Greenacre, P. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429484292-8 · Cited by 1
The Rorschach test, communication, and psychotherapy
Beck, S. J. (1966) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6045-2_32 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Early Loss on Depression
Bravo, I. M. (2002) · Psychoanalytic Social Work · doi:10.1300/j032v08n03_04
Die Geburt und Entwicklung des frühgeborenen Kindes aus kinderneuropsychiatrischer psychotherapeutischer Sicht
Fegert, J. M. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57222-7_28
A rejected child: Problems, treatment and outcome
Sparling, M. E. (1946) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/bf01575055
Empathetic Relationships in Adolescents and Their Relevance To Prognosis in Psychiatric Breakdown
Haslam, M. T. (1978) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076407802400412
Chapter II: Adjustment in the Family Situation
Anderson, H. H. (1940) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543010005414

Authors: Levy, D. M.
Affiliations: New York, N. Y.
Corresponding author: Levy, David M.
ORCID: Levy, David M.
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1937-11
Volume: 94
Issue: 3
Pages: 643-652
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.94.3.643
OpenAlex: W2095547708
Cited by: 114
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 11.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: primary affective disorder, anorexia nervosa, eating disorders, mood disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

PRIMARY AFFECT HUNGER

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks