Neurophysiological evidence of corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Speaking is hypothesized to generate a corollary discharge of motor speech commands transmitted to the auditory cortex, dampening its response to self-generated speech sounds. Event-related potentials were used to test whether failures of corollary discharge during speech contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. METHOD: The N1 component of the event-related potential elicited by vowels was recorded while the vowels were spoken by seven patients with schizophrenia and seven healthy comparison subjects and while the same vowels were played back. RESULTS: In the healthy subjects, the N1 elicited by spoken vowels was smaller than the N1 elicited by played-back vowels. This reduction in N1 elicited by spoken vowels was not observed in the patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence for a corollary discharge that dampens sensory responses to self-generated, relative to externally presented, percepts in healthy comparison subjects and its failure in patients with schizophrenia.
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The neural instantiation of the efference copy has been postulated to be a dampened N1 event-related potential during self-produced speech in comparison to other-produced speech in healthy controls, but not in patients with schizophrenia.
“The neural instantiation of the efference copy has been postulated to be a dampened N1 event-related potential (ERP) during self-produced speech in comparison to other-produced speech in healthy controls, but not in patients with schizophrenia (Ford et al., 2001).”
From Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option (2013) · cites this paper as Ford et al., 2001
Corollary discharges are compared with or subtracted from actual sensory input; when well matched, this suppresses or dampens sensory stimulation produced by self-generated movements.
“These corollary discharges are then compared with, or ''subtracted from,'' the actual sensory input (ie, ''sensory reafference'') associated with executing the movement.”
From Schizophrenia, myelination, and delayed corollary discharges: a hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
Sensory consequences of self-generated actions are normally the most predictable and least salient events, estimated accurately from corollary discharges via a forward model.
“The sensory consequences of self-generated actions are normally the most predictable and thus least salient of events, as they are typically estimated accurately from corollary discharges via a forward model.51,52”
From Schizophrenia, myelination, and delayed corollary discharges: a hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
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References 11 · Cited by 304
- Authors
- Ford, J. M., Mathalon, D. H., Heinks, T., Kalba, S., Faustman, W. O., & Roth, W. T.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2069-2071
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2135848692
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh058262-17)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040052, MH-58262, MH40052)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- corollary discharge, schizophrenia, auditory cortex, N1 component, event-related potentials, speech perception, auditory event-related potentials, self-monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Auditory Cortex, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Language, Speech Perception, Verbal Behavior
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