Cited by 282Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesFace Recognition and PerceptionChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Response to Emotional Expressions in Generalized Social Phobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Evidence for Separate Disorders

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Blair, Karina, Shaywitz, Jonathan, Smith, Bruce W., Rhodes, Rebecca, Geraci, Marilla, Jones, Matthew, McCaffrey, Daniel, Vythilingam, Meena, Finger, Elizabeth, Mondillo, Krystal, Jacobs, Madeline, Charney, Dennis S., Blair, R.J.R., Drevets, Wayne C., Pine, Daniel S.·2008·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071060PMC PMC2855133

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Generalized social phobia involves fear/avoidance, specifically of social situations, whereas generalized anxiety disorder involves intrusive worry about diverse circumstances. It remains unclear the degree to which these two, often comorbid, conditions represent distinct disorders or alternative presentations of a single, core underlying pathology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed the neural response to facial expressions in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder. METHOD: Individuals matched on age, IQ, and gender with generalized social phobia without generalized anxiety disorder (N=17), generalized anxiety disorder (N=17), or no psychopathology (N=17) viewed neutral, fearful, and angry expressions while ostensibly making a simple gender judgment. RESULTS: The patients with generalized social phobia without generalized anxiety disorder showed increased activation to fearful relative to neutral expressions in several regions, including the amygdala, compared to healthy individuals. This increased amygdala response related to self-reported anxiety in patients with generalized social phobia without generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, patients with generalized anxiety disorder showed significantly less activation to fearful relative to neutral faces compared to the healthy individuals. They did show significantly increased response to angry expressions relative to healthy individuals in a lateral region of the middle frontal gyrus. This increased lateral frontal response related to self-reported anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neural circuitry dysfunctions differ in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder.

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Authors: Blair, K., Shaywitz, J., Smith, B. W., Rhodes, R., Geraci, M., Jones, M., McCaffrey, D., Vythilingam, M., Finger, E., Mondillo, K., Jacobs, M., Charney, D. S., Blair, R. J. R., Drevets, W. C., & Pine, D. S.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Blair, Karina
Smith, Bruce W.
Vythilingam, Meena
Finger, Elizabeth
Charney, Dennis S.
Drevets, Wayne C.
Pine, Daniel S.
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 2008-09
Volume: 165
Issue: 9
Pages: 1193-1202
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071060
PMC: PMC2855133
OpenAlex: W2102269062
Cited by: 282
References: 32
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 23.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (ZIA‐MH002781)
National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002780, ZIAMH002782)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: generalized social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, facial emotion recognition, amygdala, angry facial expressions, middle frontal gyrus, self-reported anxiety, comorbidities
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Anxiety Disorders, Demography, Diagnosis, Differential, Facial Expression, Fear, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Phobic Disorders, Severity of Illness Index, Visual Perception, Comorbidity

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Response to Emotional Expressions in Generalized Social Phobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Evidence for Separate Disorders

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