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Cited by 149Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentTreatment of Major DepressionSchizophrenia research and treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Fluoxetine Versus Lithium Monotherapy of Bipolar II Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Substitution Study

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Amsterdam, Jay D., Shults, Justine·2010·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020284PMC PMC2896440
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the safety and efficacy of long-term fluoxetine monotherapy, lithium monotherapy, and placebo therapy in preventing relapse and recurrence of bipolar type II major depressive episode. The authors hypothesized that fluoxetine monotherapy would be superior to lithium monotherapy with a similar hypomanic mood conversion rate. METHOD: Patients at least 18 years old who recovered from their major depressive episode during initial open-label fluoxetine monotherapy were randomly assigned to receive 50 weeks of double-blind monotherapy with fluoxetine at 10-40 mg/day, lithium at 300-1200 mg/day, or placebo. The primary outcome measure was time to relapse or recurrence. Secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients remaining well and the frequency of hypomanic symptoms. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in clinical or demographic characteristics among the fluoxetine (N=28), lithium (N=26), and placebo (N=27) groups. The mean time to relapse was 249.9 days for the fluoxetine group, 156.4 days for the lithium group, and 186.9 days for the placebo group. The hazard of relapse was significantly lower with fluoxetine compared with lithium, and the estimated hazard of relapse with lithium was 2.5 times greater than with fluoxetine. There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in hypomanic symptoms among treatment groups over time. One patient taking fluoxetine and one patient taking placebo discontinued treatment because of hypomania. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that long-term fluoxetine monotherapy may provide superior relapse-prevention benefit relative to lithium monotherapy after recovery from bipolar II major depressive episode without an increase in hypomanic mood conversion episodes.

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Sachs GS , Printz DJ , Kahn DA , Carpenter D , Docherty JP : The Expert Consensus Guidelines: Medication Treatment of Bipolar Disorder, 2000: A Postgraduate Medicine Special Report. Columbus, Ohio, McGraw-Hill, 2000
  2. First MB , Spitzer RL , Gibbon M , Williams JBW : Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition With Psychotic Screen (SCID-I/P W/PSY SCREEN). New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 2001
  3. Goodwin FK , Jamison KR : Manic Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression, 2nd ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 2007
  4. 10.4088/JCP.v62n1212 · DOI
  5. 10.1046/j.1399-5618.2003.00083.x · DOI
  6. 10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.024 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Amsterdam, J. D., & Shults, J.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2010-07-01
Volume
167
Issue
7
Pages
792-800
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020284
PMC
PMC2896440
OpenAlex
W1991845876
Cited by
149
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
FWCI
12.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH 060353, R01MH080097, MH060998, R01MH060998, R01MH060353, MH077580, R34MH077580, MH080097)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA096885)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (AT005074, R01AT005074)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
bipolar II disorder, fluoxetine, lithium, monotherapy, relapse prevention, major depressive episode, hypomania, long-term maintenance therapy
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Recurrence, Time Factors, Lithium Compounds, Sample Size, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Young Adult

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