Cited by 731Treatment of Major DepressionElectroconvulsive Therapy StudiesTryptophan and brain disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 168 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Synthesizing the Evidence for Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An International Expert Opinion on the Available Evidence and Implementation

Open access

McIntyre, Roger S., Rosenblat, Joshua D., Nemeroff, Charles B., Sanacora, Gerard, Murrough, James W., Berk, Michael, Brietzke, Elisa, Dodd, Seetal, Gorwood, Philip, Ho, Roger, Iosifescu, Dan V., Lopez Jaramillo, Carlos, Kasper, Siegfried, Kratiuk, Kevin, Lee, Jung Goo, Lee, Yena, Lui, Leanna M.W., Mansur, Rodrigo B., Papakostas, George I., Subramaniapillai, Mehala, Thase, Michael, Vieta, Eduard, Young, Allan H., Zarate, Carlos A., Stahl, Stephen·2021·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20081251PMC PMC9635017

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Replicated international studies have underscored the human and societal costs associated with major depressive disorder. Despite the proven efficacy of monoamine-based antidepressants in major depression, the majority of treated individuals fail to achieve full syndromal and functional recovery with the index and subsequent pharmacological treatments. Ketamine and esketamine represent pharmacologically novel treatment avenues for adults with treatment-resistant depression. In addition to providing hope to affected persons, these agents represent the first non-monoaminergic agents with proven rapid-onset efficacy in major depressive disorder. Nevertheless, concerns remain about the safety and tolerability of ketamine and esketamine in mood disorders. Moreover, there is uncertainty about the appropriate position of these agents in treatment algorithms, their comparative effectiveness, and the appropriate setting, infrastructure, and personnel required for their competent and safe implementation. In this article, an international group of mood disorder experts provides a synthesis of the literature with respect to the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ketamine and esketamine in adults with treatment-resistant depression. The authors also provide guidance for the implementation of these agents in clinical practice, with particular attention to practice parameters at point of care. Areas of consensus and future research vistas are discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20081251

Cites

168 of 168 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,526
Activation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Ketamine: A Novel Step in the Pathway from NMDA Receptor Blockade to Dopaminergic and Cognitive Disruptions Associated with the Prefrontal Cortex
Moghaddam, B., Adams, B., Verma, A., & Daly, D. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-08-02921.1997 · Cited by 1,793
Synaptic plasticity and depression: new insights from stress and rapid-acting antidepressants
Duman, R. S., Aghajanian, G. K., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4050 · Cited by 1,750
Self-citation
Synaptic Dysfunction in Depression: Potential Therapeutic Targets
Duman, R. S., & Aghajanian, G. K. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1222939 · Cited by 1,651
NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites
Zanos, P., Moaddel, R., Morris, P. J., Georgiou, P., Fischell, J., Elmer, G. I., Alkondon, M., Yuan, P., Pribut, H. J., Singh, N. S., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17998 · Cited by 1,609
Self-citation
Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolite Pharmacology: Insights into Therapeutic Mechanisms
Zanos, P., Moaddel, R., Morris, P. J., Riggs, L. M., Highland, J. N., Georgiou, P., Pereira, E. F. R., Albuquerque, E. X., Thomas, C. J., Zarate, C. A., et al. (2018) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.117.015198 · Cited by 1,260
Self-citation
Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant
Zanos, P., & Gould, T. D. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.255 · Cited by 1,127
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: Role of α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methylisoxazole-4-Propionic Acid Receptors
Maeng, S., Zarate, C. A., Du, J., Schloesser, R. J., McCammon, J., Chen, G., & Manji, H. K. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.028 · Cited by 1,103
Self-citation
Bipolar disorders
McIntyre, R. S., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., López-Jaramillo, C., Kessing, L. V., Malhi, G. S., Nierenberg, A. A., Rosenblat, J. D., Majeed, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31544-0 · Cited by 1,047
Self-citation
A Randomized Add-on Trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate Antagonist in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression
Diazgranados, N., Ibrahim, L., Brutsche, N. E., Newberg, A., Kronstein, P., Khalife, S., Kammerer, W. A., Quezado, Z., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Salvadore, G., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.90 · Cited by 963
Self-citation

Show all 168 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

Toljan K, 2018, Med Sci (Basel), 6, 82
Lin F, 2015, Int J Clin Exp Med, 8, 4335
Szarmach J, 2019, Psychiatr Danub, 31, 585
Andrade C, 2019, J Clin Psychiatry, 80, 19f12820
Canuso CM, 2019, Focus Am Psychiatr Publ, 17, 55
Wei YB, 2013, Hong Kong Med J, 19, 341
Morgan CJA, 2004, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 172, 298
Health Quality Ontario, 2016, Ont Health Technol Assess Ser, 16, 1
Rodrigues NB, CNS Spectr
Ng J, Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Rodrigues NB, CNS Spectr
Lipsitz O, CNS Spectr

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 730

Progress of Clinical Application of Esketamine in Abdominal Tumor Surgery in Elderly Patients
Xie, J.-X., & Zhou, L.-W. (2025) · Current anesthesiology reports · doi:10.1007/s40140-025-00694-9 · Cited by 1
Ketamine for acute management of refractory stiff person syndrome: a case report
Eggiman, E., Kerr, W., Spivey, B., Lish, L. R., Gregg, N., & Leggett, J. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04157-w · Cited by 1
Effects of S-ketamine on recovery quality in elderly patients with impaired intrinsic capacity after total knee arthroplasty: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol
Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, L., Liu, J., Wang, J., Feng, W., Shan, P., Tian, S., Jia, C., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094060 · Cited by 1
Fentanyl or esketamine for traumatic pain (FORE-PAIN) trial: study protocol for a double-blind multi-arm randomized non-inferiority trial
de Grunt, M. N., Risvanoglu, N., Siegers, J. A., Kroon, M. A. G. M., Merkus, M. P., Hollmann, M. W., Ridderikhof, M. L., & Weenink, R. P. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08869-9 · Cited by 1
Cardiovascular Effects of Non-Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Intranasal Esketamine Combination in Depression – A Quasi-Experimental Design with Bayesian Analyses
Dormegny-Jeanjean, L. C., Lenoir, S., Humbert, I., Mainberger, O., Lozere, C., Meyer, C., Gény, B., Michel, B., Foucher, J., & de Billy, C. D. C. (2025) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-2590-3469 · Cited by 1
Mechanism of antidepressant action of ketamine and differences between its two enantiomers
Zhan, J., Zhang, Y., Tian, H., Zhu, X., Guo, M., Qiu, Z., & Xia, Z. (2025) · Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jatmed.2025.06.001 · Cited by 1
Neurobiological mechanisms of physical activity in age-related neuropsychiatric disorders
Seyfizadeh, N., Salatin, S., Hamidi, S., Dadkhah, M., Sarailoo, M., & Azarfarin, M. (2025) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.08.018 · Cited by 3
History of episodic heavy alcohol use predicts antidepressant effectiveness of ketamine
Raquib, A. R., Nguyen, V. T., Brown, J. C., Sedgewick, A. E., Seiner, S. J., Taylor, J. J., Siddiqi, S., & Meisner, R. C. (2025) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06918-4 · Cited by 1
Treating job-related stress with psychedelic group therapy: a case series on group ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for healthcare workers and first responders
Flynn, L., Kršák, M., Rondeau, M., McCarty, D., Walker, M., Horan, D., Forstner, S., & Shannon, S. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253251383415 · Cited by 1
Non-invasive brain stimulation combined with three rehabilitation approaches for cognitive and emotional well-being in Parkinson’s patients
Fan, Q., Lin, X., Li, H., & Li, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1670778 · Cited by 1
Antidepressant medications: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and future directions
Shah, N., Parmar, J., Shandilya, S., Parmar, D., & Singhal, P. K. (2025) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20253726 · Cited by 2
The epigenetic mechanisms of ketamine in the treatment of depression: a systematic review
Leccisotti, I., Moretti, M. C., Altamura, M., Bellomo, A., Laurello, R., Carapellese, M., Sborgia, G., Dibello, V., Robert, G., Panza, F., et al. (2025) · Epigenomics · doi:10.1080/17501911.2025.2583892 · Cited by 2
Ketamine dosing formula in treatment-resistant bipolar depression
Kwaśny, A., Cubała, W. J., & Wilkowska, A. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253251392817 · Cited by 1
Challenges of enrolling participants with alcohol and opioid use disorders in the emergency department for clinical trials of ketamine: The experience from two randomized controlled trials
Chai, P. R., Lee, E., Hasdianda, M. A., Bianchi, M., Campbell, D., Goldfine, C. E., & Suzuki, J. (2025) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.12.019 · Cited by 1
Exploring the effects of pharmacological treatments on suicidality in children and adolescents: a structured review of the literature and narrative synthesis
Amerio, A., Venturini, E., Capanna, M., Ploner, L., Schiavetti, I., Costanza, A., Clausi, M., Bertuccio, P., Odone, A., Minnis, H., et al. (2026) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103748 · Cited by 1
Treating chronic pain with low dose ketamine and adjunct therapies within a biopsychosocial approach: a case series
Almog, S., Weiner, M. D., Howarth, J., Becerra, J., Fux, J., & Berry, M. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1675821 · Cited by 1
Treatment with perampanel alleviates depression-like behavior in mice via modulating GluN2B expression to improve excitatory synaptic transmission
Liu, J.-M., Zhang, Y., Guo, F., Li, B.-W., Chen, H., Mo, Y., Kong, J., Tan, X., Wu, W., & Cao, X. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03874-1 · Cited by 1
Clinical Characteristics of Over‐The‐Counter Drug Misusers in Psychiatric Practice in Japan: Comparison Between Codeine Misusers and Dextromethorphan Misusers
Tanibuchi, Y., Omiya, S., Usami, T., Shimane, T., & Matsumoto, T. (2026) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.70100 · Cited by 1
Ketamine as a Mental Health Treatment
Braun, L., & Colbert, A. M. (2026) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/ajn.0000000000000250 · Cited by 1
Comparative effectiveness and safety of esketamine versus injectable racemic ketamine and oral antidepressants for major depressive disorder: A population-based target trial emulation
Lee, C.-H. J., Qian, Y., Yu, W., Cusin, C., & Sheng‐Kai, K. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121487 · Cited by 1
Mental health professionals’ perspective on the use of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression and their motivation to adopt it: a Saudi cross-sectional study
Almadani, A. H., Alghamdi, A. H., Almazyad, G. M., Alfawaz, S. I., Ghaith, M. A.-A., Alshehri, A. A., Aljaffer, M. A., & Alghamdi, S. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1726411 · Cited by 1
Effects of Intraoperative Esketamine–Dexmedetomidine Combination on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Neuropsychiatric Events Following Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Li, M.-M., Wei, Q.-F., Zhu, Q.-Y., Qing, X., Liu, X., & Fang, P.-P. (2026) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s587487 · Cited by 1
Brain functional network correlates and predictors of the perioperative antidepressant effect of esketamine in breast cancer patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial using resting-state fMRI and graph theory
Zhu, H., Wei, Q., Xu, S., Sun, Y., Liu, X., Zhu, J., & Yu, Y. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03929-3 · Cited by 1
Fast-acting approaches for treatment-resistant depression: real-world comparative effectiveness of Intranasal Esketamine versus accelerated rTMS
Prato, M., Carminati, M., Frizzi, F., Verri, G., Tondello, M., Barbini, B., Colombo, C., & Raffaella, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2026.2642680 · Cited by 1
Ketamine for negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: the evidence so far
Diendorfer, C., Bum, C., Weidenauer, A., Sauerzopf, U., Bartova, L., Dajic, I., Müller, L., Rujescu, D., Praschak-Rieder, N., & Willeit, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1766485 · Cited by 1
Esketamine nasal spray for treatment-resistant depression: A retrospective multicenter real-world cohort study on effectiveness and suicidal outcomes
García-Jiménez, J., Núñez-Arias, D., Merelo, G. C., Miller, A., Romero, A. M., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., & Mesones-Peral, J. E. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261430495 · Cited by 1
Ketamine as a Rapid-Acting Antidepressant: A Scoping Review of Mechanisms and Efficacy in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Ding, X.-R., Wu, Y.-P., Yang, J., Zhu, G.-H., & Sun, H.-W. (2026) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000551413 · Cited by 1
Intranasal administration in modulating depressive-like behavior and reconstructing treatment paradigms through neuroinflammation and neurotrophic pathways
An, J., Li, X., Li, Z., Wang, J., & Pan, Y. (2026) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-026-04417-y · Cited by 3
Evaluating the potential risk of ketamine-induced hepatotoxicity in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Lovell, G. F. M., Vasudeva, S., Orsini, D. K., Luch, S. D. D., Wong, S., Le, G. H., McIntyre, R. S., Liu, E. Y., & Rosenblat, J. D. (2026) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2026.04.005 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Repeated intranasal esketamine augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid major depressive disorder: a prospective case series
López-Rodríguez, S., Segalàs, C., Real, E., Urretavizcaya, M., Bertolín, S., Menchón, J. M., & Alonso, M. D. P. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08119-5 · Cited by 1
Targeting the brain: alternative administration routes and drug delivery systems for antidepressant therapy
Figueiredo, I., Bicker, J., Vitorino, C., & Fortuna, A. C. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2026.2668677 · Cited by 2
Mitochondrial dynamics in depression: friend or foe?
Adu, O. M., Edem, E. E., Emereonye, C. F., Areloegbe, S. E. J., Oguntola, B. O., Obisesan, A. O., & Olaniyi, K. S. (2026) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-026-01876-y · Cited by 1
The esketamine-based multimodal low-opioid anaesthesia improves quality of recovery in elderly patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Hai, Z., Wei, J., Yang, Z., Zhou, M., Pan, Y., Chen, J., Wang, L., Ren, Y., Qi, Y., & Wang, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1769225 · Cited by 1
Integrating psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy into addiction care in the Czech Republic: Clinical evidence, safety, and regulatory developments
Postránecká, Z., Lucký, M., Mravčík, V., & Páleníček, T. (2026) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2026.00514 · Cited by 1
Novel approaches in depression treatment: from rapid-acting antidepressants to personalized interventions
Guidetti, C., D, M. F. M., & Papakostas, G. I. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03722-0 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Patient-centred education for ketamine and esketamine therapies in mood disorders
Kachlik, Z., Cubała, W. J., & Walaszek, M. (2026) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253261456405 · Cited by 1
Enhancing plasticity to treat depression and other central nervous system diseases using event-driven pharmacology
Gould, T. D., Mathew, S. J., D, M. F. M., & Shekhar, A. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261456206 · Cited by 1
Clinical guidance on the use of esketamine nasal spray for patients with treatment resistant depression: A European Delphi consensus report.
Young, A., Baune, B., Benatti, B., Bennabi, D., Estercam, S., Gorwood, P., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Martiadis, V., Molero, P., Normann, C., et al. (2026) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112907 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
(Es)ketamine in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review
Tamilson, B., Chitolie, M., Coebergh, J. A., Agrawal, N., Poole, N. A., Butler, M., Kanaan, R., & Nicholson, T. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1872389 · Cited by 1
Exploratory non-randomized clinical trial of subcutaneous esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: Effects of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy
Varela, Y. M., Cavalcanti-Ribeiro, P., de Sousa, G. M., Falchi-Carvalho, M., Barbalho, J. D. S. F., Gomes, R. B. D. O., Gurgel, M. M. M., Pereira, B. C., Souza, P. M. D. L., Gonçalves, K. T. D. C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122369 · Cited by 1
Esketamine-based treatment, depression-specific metacognitive training, and their combination in treatment-resistant depression: 6-month trajectories of depressive symptoms and rumination in a multicenter observational study
Martiadis, V., Raffone, F., Atripaldi, D., Pessina, E., Cattaneo, C. I., Testa, S., Iaccarino, C., d’Andrea, G., Cavallotto, C., Olivola, M., et al. (2026) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-026-02361-4 · Cited by 1
Short-term ketamine interventions for depressive disorders: practical best-practice recommendations for psychiatrists using oral, subcutaneous, and nasal formulations
Słupska, A., Cubała, W. J., Świeczkowski, D., Szarmach, J., Słupski, J., & Włodarczyk, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1931248 · Cited by 2
Beyond symptom reduction: Intranasal esketamine is associated with improved quality of life in treatment-resistant depression
Pompili, M., Sarubbi, S., Biase, G. D., Roberto, P., Fascetti, W., Trocchia, M. A., Erbuto, D., & Berardelli, I. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.09.005 · Cited by 1
Ketamine and Cognitive Function in Depression
Goldberg, J. F. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.21com14243 · Cited by 1
The role of ketamine in the treatment of treatment-resistant bipolar depression
Karakatsoulis, G. N., Tsapakis, E.-M., & Fountoulakis, K. Ν. (2021) · Psychiatriki · doi:10.22365/jpsych.2021.052 · Cited by 1
A Rare Case of MDMA-Induced Hyponatremia
Dorsen, C. G., Penn, A., Carew, N., & Lloyd, M. M. (2022) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.10.013 · Cited by 1
Brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Rodrigues, A., Martins, L., Villela, N. R., Razza, L. B., & Brunoni, A. R. (2023) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.03.006 · Cited by 1
Effects of different doses of esketamine on hemodynamic indexes, pain stress indexes, and VAS scores in patients with benign ovarian tumors undergoing laparoscopic resection induced by remifentanil
(2023) · European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology · doi:10.22514/ejgo.2023.082 · Cited by 1
Évolution ou révolution dans le traitement des dépressions avec la kétamine ?
Fossati, P. (2023) · Biologie Aujourd hui · doi:10.1051/jbio/2023023 · Cited by 1
Challenges for esketamine nasal spray in China: use and management
Wu, J., Gu, J., Qiu, L., Jin, X., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1429435 · Cited by 1
Current practice in pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
Useinova, A. N., Ayrapetova, A. A., Savshak, M. V., Li, Y. R., Tarusov, N. I., Kondakov, D. M., Boyko, M. V., Solomko, D. V., Seitmemetova, U. M., & Davydova, D. S. (2024) · Vestnik nevrologii psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery) · doi:10.33920/med-01-2407-10 · Cited by 1
Ketamine for mental health - A naturalistic inventory of prescribing practices, safety, and adverse effects
Stuart, M., Stefanuk, I., Comeau, R., Khullar, A., & Swainson, J. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000215 · Cited by 1
Role of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression
Dmochowska, J., Ciechański, M., Cieszkowska, J., Czerwik, J., Czubala, M., Felisiak, P., Gąska, W., Kanon, K., & Witkowska, E. (2025) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2025.80.58492 · Cited by 1
Ketamine for Treatment of Addiction in Alcohol, Opioid, and Cocaine Use Disorder
Vujović, K. S., Jotic, A. D., Medić, B., & Cirkovic, I. B. (2025) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4599-4_19 · Cited by 1
Ketamine for depression – evidence and proposals for practice
Kvam, T.-M., Stewart, L. H., Blomkvist, A. W., & Andreassen, O. A. (2021) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.21.0480 · Cited by 1
Prescription réfléchie pour les patients souffrant d’une dépression difficile à traiter
Soubolsky, A., Visentin, J. D., & Crawley, A. (2023) · Canadian Family Physician · doi:10.46747/cfp.6911e221 · Cited by 1
Estimation of Shelf Life of Pegagan Tea (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) Method with Arrhenius Model
Purwokerto, U. N. U., Syska, K., Ropiudin, R., Soedirman, U. J., Rudiyanti, E., Purwokerto, U. N. U., Nurhayati, A. D., Purwokerto, U. N. U., Wahdah, F., & Purwokerto, U. N. U. (2023) · Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem · doi:10.21776/ub.jkptb.2023.011.03.02 · Cited by 1
Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Parental Ketamine for Treatment of Depression: Clinical Treatment ProtocolPreprint
Tham, J. C. W., Do, A., Fridfinnson, J. A., Rafizadeh, R., Siu, J. T. P., Budd, G. P., & Lam, R. W. M. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ag6u7 · Cited by 1
Editorial: Old and new psychoactive substances: Pharmacology and potential applications
Mayer, F. P., Luethi, D., Areal, L. B., & Sitte, H. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1087005 · Cited by 1
Ketamine’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with anticonvulsants, and their implications for psychiatry: A scoping review protocolPreprint
Stein, H., Strawbridge, R., Silman, D., Carmellini, P., Young, A. H., & Juruena, M. F. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.23285702 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Treating Depression in Clinical Practice: New Insights on the Multidisciplinary Use of TradozonePreprint
Albert, U., Tomasetti, C., Marra, C., Neviani, F., Pirani, A., Taddeo, D., Zanetti, O. O., & Maina, G. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0380.v1
Ketamine treatment modulates habenular and nucleus accumbens static and dynamic functional connectivity in major depressionPreprint
Taraku, B., Loureiro, J. R., Sahib, A. K., Zavaliangos‐Petropulu, A., Al‐Sharif, N., Leaver, A. M., Wade, B., Joshi, S. H., Woods, R. P., Espinoza, R. T., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.23299282 · Cited by 1
Safety concerns following the use of ketamine as a potential antidepressant for adolescent rats of both sexesPreprint
Jornet-Plaza, J., Ledesma‐Corvi, S., & García-Fuster, M. J. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.08.622617 · Cited by 1
Oral Ketamine for the Treatment of Depression: A randomized controlled trial and meta-analysisPreprint
Silberbauer, L., Eggerstorfer, B., Michenthaler, P., Reichel, S., Stimpfl, T., Vanicek, T., Naderi‐Heiden, A., Kasper, S. F., Lanzenberger, R. R., & Gryglewski, G. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.25324252 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Effects of ketamine and esketamine on death, suicidal behaviour, and suicidal ideation in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysisPreprint
Plöderl, M., Cooper, R. E., Walker, T., Shah, V., Horowitz, M. A., Volkmann, C., & Moncrieff, J. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.25333796 · Cited by 1
O uso terapêutico da cetamina na depressão resistente ao tratamento: uma revisão bibliográfica
de Paula, A. C. A. L., Araújo, C. L. D., de Moura, M. C. S., & Junqueira, L. D. P. (2021) · Journal Archives of Health · doi:10.46919/archv2n4esp-004
Commentary: Treatment-resistant Depression: Considerations Related to ECT and Ketamine
Garakani, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000593
Paris, Église Saint Roch (Ier arrt), Tombeau de Madame de La Live de Jully par Falconet (1753)
Atget, E. (1927) · Appartient à un fonds de photographies vendu à l'Ecole des beaux-arts par Atget, seul photographe inscrit sous son nom dans les registres d'entrée des collections ; Numéro d'inventaire ENSBA : 38688
Pengaruh Beberapa Media Pembawa terhadap Efektivitas Rhizobium japonicum
Suharjo, U. K. J. (1985)
Ketamine for suicidal ideation
Giorgi, R. D. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.o74
Utilisation de la kétamine en psychiatrie : mise à jour
Clerc, M.-T., Rosenhagen-Lapoirie, M., & von Gunten, A. (2022) · JMIG · doi:10.53738/revmed.2022.18.793.1626
Esketamine use for anesthesia induction in an ectopic pregnancy patient with hemorrhagic shock: a case report
Liu, X., Hua, Z., Dong, H., Zhuo, Y.-L., Chu, H., & Li, T. (2022) · Emergency and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ec9.0000000000000065
Ketamine
Vincenzo, J. D. D., Rosenblat, J. D., & McIntyre, R. S. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780192863607.003.0009
Self-citation
Antidepressants and memory effects of ketamine under the neuromolecular view: A literature review
da Silva, F. P. G., Gabriel Rezende, M., Scapatici, L. P., Zanelatto, D. A. L., Lombardi, B. C., Vidal, C., Wiedmer, D. B., Lucas, S., Minhoto, G. R., & Andreatini, R. (2023) · Archives of Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.17352/2455-5460.000073
Latest advances in psychopharmacotherapy: what a pharmacist should know
Češková, E. (2023) · Farmacie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/lek.2023.002
Rychle působící antidepresiva -otázky a odpovědi
Ustohal, L., & Bartečková, E. (2023) · Psychiatrie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/psy.2023.005
Comparação de eficácia da cetamina intramuscular e da combinação escitalopram e aripiprazol no tratamento agudo e manutenção da depressão resistente: ensaio clínico duplo cego, controlado com placebo, randomizado e de grupos paralelos
Cigognini, M. A. (2023) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2023.tde-10052023-120550
O USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E O RISCO AUMENTADO DE SUICÍDIO/AUTOCÍDIO: uma revisão de literatura
Coutinho, M. A. P., Coelho, T. C., & Silva, C. D. L. E. (2023) · Psicologia e Saúde em Debate · doi:10.22289/2446-922x.v9n1a21
Major depression disorder - etiology and treatment
CZUCHRYTA, P., BABIAK, R., BAJAK, K., Domańska, A., Gawęda, A., Grabek, A., RUTKOWSKA, J., RZĘSA-TOKARCZYK, Ż., SKOREK, K., & URBAŃCZYK, A. (2023) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2023.37.01.008
Why doesn't adjunctive ketamine enhance ECT's antidepressant efficacy in major depressive disorder: Influence of ketamine dose
Glue, P., & McNaughton, N. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.psycr.2023.100137
Predicting non-response to ketamine for depression: a symptom-level analysis of real-world dataPreprint
Miller, E. A., Afshar, H. T., Mishra, J., & Ramanathan, D. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.23292094
Efficacy of Ketamine Therapy in the Treatment of Refractory Major Depressive Disorder
van Oers, H. (2023) · Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology · doi:10.14218/jerp.2023.00023
New Frontiers in Ketamine Research: From Mechanisms of Action to Novel Psychiatric Treatment Approaches
Rosenhagen, M. C., Elowe, J., Forte, A. M., & Schaad, N. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20231103.12
Anais do I Simpósio Brasileiro de Saúde Mental na Medicina
Lopes, J. R., Pires, B. C., Braga, A. C. A. D. A., Silva, I. Y., Arão, A. E. C. H., & Machado, T. K. F. (2023) · Editora Pascal LTDA eBooks · doi:10.29327/5311658
Beyond Therapeutic Potential: A Systematic Investigation of Ketamine Misuse in Major Depressive Disorder PatientsPreprint
Juneja, K., Afroze, S., Goti, Z., Sahu, S., Asawa, S., Priya, B. H., Natarajan, B., & Pandey, S. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3374935/v1
Therapeutic Strategies in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Myths and Evidence
Arenas, M. C. (2023) · Juniper Online Journal of Public Health · doi:10.19080/jojph.2023.07.555713
Ketamine and Nitrous Oxide
Janski, A. M., Hristidis, V. C., Zorumski, C. F., & Conway, C. R. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95702-1.00064-6
Impact of Adjunctive VNS on Drug Load, Depression Severity, and Number of Neuromodulatory Maintenance Treatments
Kavakbasi, E., Bauermeister, H., Lemcke, L., & Baune, B. T. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14020159
Sublingual Ketamine for Depression and Anxiety: A Retrospective Study of Real-World Clinical OutcomesPreprint
Swanson, L. N., Jones, L. S., Aycart, J. M., Zhu, Z., Rabin, D. M., & Kuhn, T. P. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.01.30.24301798
Exploring inner depths
Breeksema, J. J. (2024) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.912040905
Long-term postoperative quality of life and choice of anesthetic agents
Dahaba, A. A. (2024) · Minerva Anestesiologica · doi:10.23736/s0375-9393.24.18048-0
The ED50 of Remazolam Toluenesulfonate Combined with a Subthreshold Dose of Esketamine for Inhibiting Cardiovascular Response to Tracheal Intubation in Elderly Patients
Zhao, C., Tang, Y., Chen, C., & Xia, B. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research · doi:10.26689/jcnr.v7i6.5621
Research Progress on the Effect of Esmolamine on Postoperative Recovery Quality of Patients Undergoing Clinical Surgery
陈, 坤. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.1451503
Mood Disorders in the Twenty-First Century
Young, A. H., Sanches, M., Soares, J. C., & Juruena, M. F. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108973922.002
Self-citation
The Burden of Bipolar Depression
Young, A. H., & Cottrell, D. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108973922.022
Self-citation
Pain in Seriously Mental Ill Populations
Owen‐Smith, A. A., & Scherrer, J. F. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197649176.003.0022
Neuromodulation Therapies
Burhan, A. M., Goveas, D., Thiab, S., & Blair, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53976-3_14
Are ketamine and its enantiomers the answer to treatment-refractory depression?
Belge, J.-B., Scantamburlo, G., & Constant, E. (2024) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2024.2373302
The effectiveness of ketamine in medication of treatment-resistant depression - review
Brzozowska, P., Bulska, K., Sławek, K., Piela, A., Piotrowski, J., Hądzlik, I., Biały-Karbowniczek, J., Nowińska, B., Łuczak, B., & Słychan, K. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.16.52628
Chapter 21. Ketamine and Esketamine
Mathai, D. S., & Mathew, S. J. (2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375523.as21

Authors: McIntyre, R. S., Rosenblat, J. D., Nemeroff, C. B., Sanacora, G., Murrough, J. W., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Dodd, S., Gorwood, P., Ho, R., Iosifescu, D. V., Lopez Jaramillo, C., Kasper, S., Kratiuk, K., Lee, J. G., Lee, Y., Lui, L. M. W., Mansur, R. B., Papakostas, G. I., Subramaniapillai, M., Thase, M., Vieta, E., Young, A. H., Zarate, C. A., & Stahl, S.
Affiliations: University Health Network (CA)
Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto (McIntyre, Rosenblat, Y. Lee, Lui, Mansur); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (McIntyre, Rosenblat, Mansur); Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto (McIntyre); Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto (McIntyre, Subramaniapillai); Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, Ontario (Rosenblat, Kratiuk); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Austin Dell...
ORCID: McIntyre, Roger S.
Rosenblat, Joshua D.
Nemeroff, Charles B.
Sanacora, Gerard
Murrough, James W.
Brietzke, Elisa
Dodd, Seetal
Gorwood, Philip
Ho, Roger
Iosifescu, Dan V.
Kasper, Siegfried
Kratiuk, Kevin
Lee, Jung Goo
Lee, Yena
Lui, Leanna M.W.
Mansur, Rodrigo B.
Papakostas, George I.
Subramaniapillai, Mehala
Thase, Michael
Vieta, Eduard
Young, Allan H.
Zarate, Carlos A.
Stahl, Stephen
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 2021-05-01
Volume: 178
Issue: 5
Pages: 383-399
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20081251
PMC: PMC9635017
OpenAlex: W3137976016
Semantic Scholar: 3cd087ef6947b39c8c924b7248d9d40de77b9e44
Cited by: 731
References: 168
Citations by year: 2026: 129 · 2025: 167 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 44
FWCI: 13.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR202380)
National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857, ZIAMH002927)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: ketamine, esketamine, treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, drug safety and tolerability, clinical implementation, treatment algorithm, expert consensus
MeSH terms: Implementation Science, Antidepressive Agents, Delivery of Health Care, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Dissociative Disorders, Humans, Hypertension, Ketamine, Monitoring, Physiologic, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Patient Selection, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Substance-Related Disorders, Suicidal Ideation, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Synthesizing the Evidence for Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An International Expert Opinion on the Available Evidence and Implementation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks