The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stress-Response Syndromes: A Review of Posttraumatic and Adjustment Disorders
Abstract
The signs and symptoms of response to a stressful life event are expressed in two predominant phases: the intrusive state, characterized by unbidden ideas and feelings and even compulsive actions, and the denial state, characterized by emotional numbing and constriction of ideation. In this review of stress-response syndromes, the author outlines those phases, discusses the DSM-III diagnoses for stress-response disorders, and considers the mutual etiologic effects of stressful life events, psychiatric disorders, and preexisting conflicts or functional deficits. Guidelines for brief dynamic psychotherapy for patients who need more than transient support are presented.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Stress
Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004 · Cited by 7,813
Self-citationPsychological stress and the coping process
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,164
SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GRIEF
LINDEMANN, E. (1944) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.101.2.141 · Cited by 3,184
Horowitz, M. J. (1993) · International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3_4 · Cited by 1,852
Self-citationPrinciples of Preventive Psychiatry
(1965) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1965.tb72290.x · Cited by 1,835
Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects
Tyrer, P. (1983) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.46.10.970-a · Cited by 1,211
Seelye, E. E. (1987) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.2.310 · Cited by 729
Zilberg, N. J., Weiss, D. S., & Horowitz, M. J. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.50.3.407 · Cited by 725
Self-citationGRINKER, R. R., & Spiegel, J. P. (1945) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 648
Raphael, B. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203450673 · Cited by 571
Cited by
Park, C. L. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018301 · Cited by 3,174
Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy
Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003 · Cited by 2,738
Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought
Watkins, E. R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163 · Cited by 2,421
Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study
van Der Kolk, B. A., & Fisler, R. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080402 · Cited by 1,262
Maunder, R., Lancee, W., Balderson, K., Bennett, J., Borgundvaag, B., Evans, S., Fernandes, C., Goldbloom, D., Gupta, M., Hunter, J., et al. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1212.060584 · Cited by 1,109
“This survey measured demographic and job data as well as traumatic stress response (15-item Impact of Events Scale [IES] [20,21]), nonspecific psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10] [22]), and professional burnout (emotional exhaustion scale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI-EE] [23–25]…”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Horowitz, M. J.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Services
- Published
- 1986-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241-249
- ISSN
- 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
- 1075-2730
- 1557-9700
- OpenAlex
- W2092295213
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Stress-Response Syndromes: A Review of Posttraumatic and Adjustment Disorders. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1176/ps.37.3.241
- The paper
- Horowitz, M. J. (1986). Stress-Response Syndromes: A Review of Posttraumatic and Adjustment Disorders. Psychiatric Services. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.37.3.241
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
