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Amounts of Artificial Food Colors in Commonly Consumed Beverages and Potential Behavioral Implications for Consumption in Children
Abstract
Artificial food colors (AFCs) are widely used to color foods and beverages. The amount of AFCs the Food and Drug Administration has certified over the years has increased more than 5-fold since 1950 (12 mg/capita/day) to 2012 (68 mg/capita/day). In the past 38 years, there have been studies of adverse behavioral reactions such as hyperactivity in children to double-blind challenges with AFCs. Studies that used 50 mg or more of AFCs as the challenge showed a greater negative effect on more children than those which used less. The study reported here is the first to quantify the amounts of AFCs in foods (specifically in beverages) commonly consumed by children in the United States. Consumption data for all foods would be helpful in the design of more challenge studies. The data summarized here should help clinicians advise parents about AFCs and beverage consumption.
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“Some studies suggest that excessive intake of AFCs may be associated with behavioral changes, including attention-related symptoms, and may carry carcinogenic or neurotoxic risks [72].”
From Optimizing Performance Nutrition for Adolescent Athletes: A Review of Dietary Needs, Risks, and Practical Strategies (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
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Cited by
A Brief History of Colour, the Environmental Impact of Synthetic Dyes and Removal by Using Laccases
Ardila-Leal, L. D., Poutou-Piñales, R. A., Pedroza-Rodríguez, A. M., & Quevedo-Hidalgo, B. E. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26133813 · Cited by 544
Everett, S. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17172792 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Stevens, L. J., Burgess, J. R., Stochelski, M. A., & Kuczek, T.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Venue
- Clinical Pediatrics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-09-13
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-140
- ISSN
- 0009-9228
- 1938-2707
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
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- Stevens, L. J., Burgess, J. R., Stochelski, M. A., & Kuczek, T. (2014). Amounts of Artificial Food Colors in Commonly Consumed Beverages and Potential Behavioral Implications for Consumption in Children. Clinical Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922813502849
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
