The DOI matches its Crossref record.
III. “Degrees of Freedom” and the Case Study
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- BOESCH, E. E. and L. H. ECKENSBERGER (1969) “Methodische Probleme des interkulturellen Vergleichs, ” pp. 515–566 in C. F. Graumann (ed.) Socialpsychologie, Vol. 7 of Handbuch der Psychologie. Gottingen: Verlag fur Psychologie.
- 10.2307/1418483 · DOI
- CAMPBELL, D. T. (1974) “Qualitative knowing in action research.” Kurt Lewin Award Address, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, meeting with the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, September 1, 1974. (to appear, after revision, in the Journal of Social Issues.)
- CAMPBELL, D. T., 1966, The psychology of Egon Brunswik., 81
- CAMPBELL, D. T., 1964, Cross-Cultural Understanding: Epistemology in Anthropology., 308
- CAMPBELL, D. T., 1961, “The mutual methodological relevance of anthropology and psychology, ” PP-333–352 in F.L.K
- 10.1016/S0019-9958(58)90219-5 · DOI
- DuBOIS, C. A. (1944) The People of Alor. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.
- ERIKSON, E. H. (1943) Observations on the Yurok. (Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, 35, No. 10). Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
- 10.1080/00223980.1939.9917624 · DOI
- KARDINER, A. (1939) The Individual and His Society. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
- KIDDER, L. H. (1971) “Foreign visitors: a study of the changes in selves, skills, and attitudes of Westerners in India.” Ph.D. dissertation. Northwestern University.
- 10.1086/218314 · DOI
- 10.1525/aa.1920.22.1.02a00050 · DOI
- KROEBER, T. (1970) Alfred Kroeber: A Personal Configuration. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. · DOI
- 10.2307/421372 · DOI
- 10.2307/1955513 · DOI · Paper page
- LORD, F. M., 1968, Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores
- 10.1086/288135 · DOI · Paper page
- NAROLL, R. (1962) Data Quality Control: A New Research Technique. New York: Free Press.
- POINCARE, H. (1913) “Mathematical creation, ” in H. Poincare, The Foundations of Science. New York: Science Press.
- RASER, J. R., 1970, General Systems, 15, 183
- 10.1037/h0044320 · DOI · Paper page
- SCHEFFE, H., 1953, Biometrika, 40, 87
- SELVIN, H. C. and A. STUART (1966) Data-dredging procedures in survey analysis.” Amer. Statistician 20: 20–23. · DOI
- STOUFFER, S. A. [ed.] (1949) The American Soldier. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
- 10.1037/h0072282 · DOI
- 10.1037/h0054690 · DOI
Cited by
Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428112452151 · Cited by 13,227
Five misunderstandings about case-study research
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1077800405284363 · Cited by 14,266
Understanding and Validity in Qualitative Research
Maxwell, J. (1992) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.62.3.8323320856251826 · Cited by 2,951
Validation Guidelines for IS Positivist Research
Straub, D., & Gefen, D. (2004) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.01324 · Cited by 2,797
Collier, D. (2011) · PS: Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096511001429 · Cited by 2,238
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, D. T.
- Venue
- Comparative Political Studies
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1975-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 178-193
- ISSN
- 0010-4140 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3829
- OpenAlex
- W1855791052
- Cited by
- 1,060
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: III. “Degrees of Freedom” and the Case Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/001041407500800204
- The paper
- Campbell, D. T. (1975). III. “Degrees of Freedom” and the Case Study. Comparative Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/001041407500800204
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.