The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Resistance Is Futile: The Right to Resist Unlawful Arrest in an Era of Aggressive Policing
Abstract
The police are relying on more aggressive tactics in their effort to fight crime. A common complaint regarding these tactics is that innocent persons are sometimes subjected to unlawful arrest. At common law, there was a right to resist an illegal arrest. The modern trend, however, has been to eliminate the right to resist. Abrogation of the common law right is based on several factors, including the development of modern criminal procedure, the ability to seek redress via other means, and the belief that violence should not be encouraged. This article examines the history and current status of the right to resist an unlawful arrest. The authors argue that attacks on the common law right are based on a misunderstanding of the original justifications for the right and that there remains a great need for the right particularly as new police tactics increase the probability of arbitrary assertions of authority.
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“This group is disproportionately targeted for street stops, pat-downs, and arrests (Fagan & Davies, 2000;Hemmens & Levin, 2000;Spitzer, 1999).”
From Procedural Justice and Order Maintenance Policing: A Study of Inner‐City Young Men’s Perceptions of Police Legitimacy (2010) · cites this paper as Hemmens & Levin, 2000
In the citing paper
“Vague or overly broad statutes provide little guidance to individual officers working the streets (Hemmens & Levin, 2000;Roberts, 1999;see also Chicago v. Morales, 1998).”
From Procedural Justice and Order Maintenance Policing: A Study of Inner‐City Young Men’s Perceptions of Police Legitimacy (2010) · cites this paper as Hemmens & Levin, 2000
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Gau, J. M., & Brunson, R. K. (2010) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418820902763889 · Cited by 582
Young Black Men and Urban Policing in the United States
Brunson, R. K., & Miller, J. (2005) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azi093 · Cited by 472
Policing and Race: Disparate Treatment, Perceptions, and Policy Responses
Kahn, K. B., & Martin, K. D. (2016) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12019 · Cited by 119
Trends in police research: a cross‐sectional analysis of the 2006 literature
Bartholomew, B., Gibbs, J. C., Mazeika, D. M., Ahlin, E. M., Joseph, P. A., & Miller, N. A. (2009) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614260903255038 · Cited by 68
Durr, M. (2015) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1177/0896920515594766 · Cited by 74
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Racial Profiling Research
Batton, C., & Kadleck, C. (2004) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1098611103254102 · Cited by 62
Wilson, S. R., & Zhao, J. “. (2008) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.07.009 · Cited by 40
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Jackson, A. L., & Wade, J. E. (2005) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13639510510580977 · Cited by 33
“Don’t Arrest Me, Arrest the Police”
Cacho, L. M., & Melamed, J. (2022) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478023371-006 · Cited by 18
The Process Is the Punishment: Thirty Years Later
Earl, J. (2008) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00120.x · Cited by 14
Trends in police research: A Cross-sectional analysis of the 2000 literature
Beckman, K. A., Lum, C., Wyckoff, L., & Wall, K. (2003) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/1561426032000059204 · Cited by 8
Over-Inclusive Gang Enforcement and Urban Resistance: A Comparison between Two Cities
Durán, R. J. (2009) · Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order · Cited by 8
Assaults on Police Officers: A Review of the Predictors
den Heyer, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22705-9_12 · Cited by 7
Institutionalized Terror: A Social Systems Analysis of Police Brutality
Prater, L. P. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230622098_6 · Cited by 3
Morrow, W. J. (2015) · Cited by 1
Exploring the Relationship between Police Proactivity, Police Legitimacy, and Fear of Crime
Wire, S. E. (2019) · doi:10.13021/mars/5214 · Cited by 1
Patterns and trends in stop and search: findings from the British Crime Survey and police statistics
Qureshi, F. (2008) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
Why do they resist? Exploring dynamics of police-citizen violence during arrest encounters
Belvedere, K. J. (2003) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino)
Liu, P. W., & Shjarback, J. A. (2018) · American International Journal of Social Science · doi:10.30845/aijss.v7n3p11
Drug Availability and Disparities in Arrests
Hellmuth, R. (2020) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Nextdoor use and support for aggressive policing
Hopp, T., Ferrucci, P., & Reeves, H. (2024) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448241303114
Hall, M., & Tomczak, P. (2025) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azaf091
Metadata
- Authors
- Hemmens, C., & Levin, D.
- ORCID
- Hemmens, Craig
- Venue
- Crime & Delinquency
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 472-496
- ISSN
- 0011-1287 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-387X
- OpenAlex
- W1991098385
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 11.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Crime & Delinquency (publishedVersion)
- BearWorks (Missouri State University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Law and Evidence
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Law and Policy
- Keywords
- police brutality, aggressive policing, common law, criminal procedure, redress, self-defense
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