The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effects of Schema-Based Instruction on the Mathematical Word-Problem-Solving Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a schema-based direct instruction strategy on the word-problem-solving performance of three third and fourth-grade students (2 girls, 1 boy) with learning disabilities. An adapted multiple-probe-across-students design was used. Results indicated that the intervention was successful in increasing the percentage of correct solutions to word problems for all 3 students. In addition, maintenance of word-problem solving was seen 2 to 3 weeks after the study. Student interviews indicated that the strategy was beneficial. Further research with different students and problem types (e.g., multistep) and an investigation of the long-term effects of the strategy and its use in novel settings appear warranted.
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“these analyses confirm that the recent changes in mathematics education do not lead to better performance for students with special needs (Jitendra & Hoff, 1996; Kroesbergen, Van Luit, & Maas, 2002; Woodward & Baxter, 1997).”
From Mathematics Interventions for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Meta-Analysis (2003) · cites this paper as Jitendra & Hoff, 1996
Citations
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Cited by
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Sutherland, M., Lussier, C., Nelson, G., Suhr, M. P., Fong, J. P. J., Turtura, J., & Clarke, B. (2024) · The Exceptional Child · doi:10.1177/00144029241230322 · Cited by 2
“Mathematics requires a high level of attention to the task and the ability for students to hold information in mind as they work through complex problems and evaluate potential solutions (Montague, 2008; Peltier & Vannest, 2018).”
Stories & Technology: Gateways to Mathematics for All
Terrell, K. L., & DeBay, D. J. (2020) · International Journal for Technology in Mathematics Education · doi:10.1564/tme_v27.1.04 · Cited by 1
Experimental Use of Learning Environment by Posing Problem for Learning Disability
Yamamoto, S., Hirashima, T., & Ogihara, A. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26396-0_8 · Cited by 2
Constructivist mathematics education for students with mild mental retardation
Kroesbergen, E., & Luit, J. V. V. (2005) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/0885625042000319115 · Cited by 1
“Interventions in which students receive direct instruction have been frequently found to be very effective (e.g. Van Luit, 1994; Harris et al., 1995; Wilson et al., 1996; Jitendra & Hoff, 1996; Timmermans & Van Lieshout, 2003).”
BackgroundAmjad, F., Bagadood, N. H., Sait, S. A., & Vijesh, P. V. (2026) · Annals of African Medicine · doi:10.4103/aam.aam_447_26
Newson, N. K., Begeny, J. C., Davidson, F. L., Codding, R. S., & Kromminga, K. R. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16030432 · Cited by 1
Reinke, L. T., & Polly, D. (2025) · Investigations in Mathematics Learning · doi:10.1080/19477503.2025.2550909 · Cited by 1
“The interventions were provided through one-on-one tutoring (Jitendra & Hoff, 1996; Jitendra et al., 1999) and small group instruction (Jitendra et al., 1998; Xin et al., 2005) by the researchers (Jitendra & Hoff, 1996; Jitendra et al., 1999) or other trained investigators (Jitendra et al., 1998;…”
InfluentialLannin, J. K., Rodrigues, J., van Garderen, D., Lei, Q., Singell, E. L., & Karim, S. (2023) · Education sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13111150 · Cited by 1
서, 은., Kim, E.-K., & Lim, N. S. (2016) · doi:10.21075/kacsn.2016.18.3.243 · Cited by 1
The Role of Scheme Method to Improve the Ability in Solving Mathematical Word Problems
Kinayung, M. D. (2013) · doi:10.12928/jehcp.v2i2.3737 · Cited by 1
“Scheme of method which can improve performance in solving mathematic problems in the form of story refers to the opinion of Jitendra & Hoff (1996), due to the scheme method leads students to make the representation of problems that lead to a settlement of the problem.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMathematical writing in the elementary classroom
McCauley, D. D. (2004) · doi:10.33915/etd.2636
“They need time to think about the problem presented (Fuchs, Fuchs, Hamlett, & Appleton, 2002; Bromley & Modio, 1997; Jitendra & Hoff, 1996), connect the problem to schemas that already exist, predict what will occur, and justify that prediction before attempting to solve the problem (Fuchs, Fuchs,…”
BackgroundWord problems in mathematics education: a survey
Verschaffel, L., Schukajlow, S., Star, J., & Dooren, W. V. (2020) · Zdm · doi:10.1007/s11858-020-01130-4
Polo-Blanco, I., Fernández-Cobos, R., de Cos, L. G., & Munitis, L. L. (2026) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2026.2662358
The Journey to the Center of Problem-Solving and Problem-Posing: A Bibliometric Analysis (1980–2020)
Güner, P., & Gökçe, S. (2026) · Eurasian Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.69918/ejte.1799759
Ibañez, E. D., Castro, B., Collantes, L. M., & Taganap, E. C. (2026) · International Journal of Sustainability and Advanced Integrated Research · doi:10.65339/ijsair.v2.i1.37
Sulaimon, T., Alber-Morgan, S. R., Busari, I. O., & Gallmeyer, M. M. (2026) · Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2025.2605633
“One effective strategy for teaching word problems across grade levels is schema-based instruction (SBI) (Fuchs et al., 2004; 2010; 2021; Jitendra et al., 2016; 2019; Jitendra & Hoff, 1996; Woodward et al., 2012).”
Boca, A. B. (2023) · Recent Educational Research · doi:10.59762/rer904105361220231220143805
What kind of textbooks do we use in special schools?
Nikolić, G., Cvijetić, M., Minic, V. L., & Vukajlović, B. (2022) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-021-09589-z
“By analyzing mathematics textbooks in relation to a set of criteria and components of effective instruction, Jitendra and Hoff (1996) concluded that the inadequacy of traditional textbooks in meeting most students’ needs increased the gap between students with mild disabilities and students with…”
MethodTurgut, S., Dogan-Temur, O., & Uğurlu, M. (2021) · Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education · doi:10.14686/buefad.935410
Zhang, S., Wang, J., & Flores, R. (2020) · Action in Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/01626620.2020.1726837
Kolesnikova, Y. V. (2021) · Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.17759/autdd.2021710206
Metadata
- Authors
- Jitendra, A. K., & Hoff, K.
- Affiliations
- Lehigh University (US)
- ORCID
- Jitendra, Asha K.
- Venue
- Journal of Learning Disabilities
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1996-07
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 422-431
- ISSN
- 0022-2194 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4780
- OpenAlex
- W2035366074
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Learning Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Social Sciences › Education › Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- schema-based instruction, mathematical word problem solving, learning disabilities, direct instruction, elementary school students, maintenance of intervention effects, mathematics education
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Child, Curriculum, Education, Special, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Problem Solving
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