Selected Demographic Variables, School Music Participation, and Achievement Test Scores of Urban Middle School Students
Abstract
Nontransient 6th- and 8th-grade urban middle school students' achievement test scores were examined before (4th grade) and during (6th or 8th grade) enrollment in a performing ensemble. Ensemble participation (band, choir, none) and subject variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and home environment were considered. Fourth- and 6th-grade achievement tests consisted of Reading, Math, Citizenship and Science; 8th grade included Reading, Math, Social Studies, Science, and Language Arts. Analyses indicated significant differences yet small effect sizes for main effects of SES and ensemble participation. Higher SES students scored significantly higher on all subtests except 4th-, 6th-, and 8th-grade reading. Sixth-grade band students scored significantly higher than choir students and nonparticipants on every subtest of 6th- and 4th-grade achievement tests. Eighth-grade band students scored significantly higher than nonparticipants on 4th-grade Reading and Math and every subtest of the 8th-grade achievement test except Social Studies. Similar results for both cohorts suggest that band may attract higher achieving students from the outset and that test score differences remain stable over time.
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Students attracted to instrumental music are usually achieving.
“Several American studies have shown that students attracted to instrumental music are usually achieving (Fitzpatrick, 2006;Kinney, 2008)”
From Teachers’ perceptions of declining participation in school music (2011) · cites this paper as Kinney, 2008
Students attracted to instrumental music are more motivated to continue music learning because they are more efficacious, supported by families, and hold high expectations.
“and more motivated to continue music learning for they are more efficacious, supported by families and hold high expectation (Kinney, 2008).”
From Teachers’ perceptions of declining participation in school music (2011) · cites this paper as Kinney, 2008
Instrumental teachers are likely to teach a group of more motivated students.
“In addition, it is likely that instrumental teachers teach a group of more motivated students.”
From Teachers’ perceptions of declining participation in school music (2011) · cites this paper as Kinney, 2008
Cites
Linking Parent Involvement With Student Achievement: Do Race and Income Matter?
Desimone, L. (1999) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220679909597625 · Cited by 607 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…(Ingersoll, Scamman, & Eckerling, 1989; Kerbow, 1996; Rumberger, 2003; Schuler, 1990) and home environment (Astone & McLanahan, 1991; Clark, 1983; Desimone, 1999; Keith, Keith, & Troutman, 1993; McLanahan, 1985), have been found to be mediating or intervening variables affecting students’…”
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Román-Caballero, R., Vadillo, M. A., Trainor, L. J., & Lupiáñez, J. (2022) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100436 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Teachers’ perceptions of declining participation in school music
Ng, C.-H. C., & Hartwig, K. (2011) · Research Studies in Music Education · doi:10.1177/1321103x11423598 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Music education promotes lifelong engagement with the arts
Elpus, K. (2018) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735617697508 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Participation and Persistence in High School Elective Music Ensembles
Elpus, K., & Abril, C. R. (2025) · Journal of Research in Music Education · doi:10.1177/00224294241247267 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kinney, D. W.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kinney, Daryl W.
- ORCID
- Kinney, Daryl W.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Music Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-161
- ISSN
- 0022-4294 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-0095
- OpenAlex
- W2105336104
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 65.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Music Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Diverse Music Education Insights
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Keywords
- bands, choir, academic performance, achievement test scores, socioeconomic status, family environment, urban middle school students, demographic factors, reading achievement, mathematics achievement
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