Evaluation of ‘the R-Model’ crisis intervention de-escalation training for law enforcement
Abstract
This study presents findings from a process and outcome evaluation of a custom crisis intervention and de-escalation training for law enforcement, delivered in-house to a suburban Minnesota police department (the R-Model: Research, Respond, Refer). Individual officer survey data showed the R-Model significantly decreased stigma and increased self-reported knowledge of mental health resources over baseline. Knowledge of resources held at the 4-month follow-up. One-year follow-up data at the agency level, showed decreases in the number of crisis calls for service and the number of repeat calls to the same addresses, even when compared to crisis call rates at similar police departments. Findings provide preliminary evidence that the R-Model may be an effective model that warrants additional study.
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Police officers are not extensively trained to assist with mental health or substance abuse crises and most believe that such incidents are outside of their professional purview.
“police officers are not extensively trained to assist with such crises and most believe that such incidents are outside of their professional purview (48, 49).”
From A community response approach to mental health and substance abuse crises reduced crime (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
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References 33 · Cited by 13
- Authors
- Peterson, J., Densley, J., & Erickson, G.
- Affiliations
- Hamline University (US)
- Metropolitan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Jillian
- Venue
- The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-07-30
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 271-289
- ISSN
- 0032-258X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-5599
- OpenAlex
- W2964611917
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (Grant-in-Aid)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- crisis intervention, de-escalation training, law enforcement, police training, mental health stigma, mental health resources, police-community relations, R-model
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