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An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer
Abstract
An empirical method for determining the crystallinity of native cellulose was studied with an x-ray diffractometer using the focusing and transmission techniques. The influence of fluctuations in the primary radiation and in the counting and recording processes have been determined. The intensity of the 002 interference and the amor phous scatter at 2θ = 18° was measured. The percent crystalline material in the total cellulose was expressed by an x-ray "crystallinity index." This was done for cotton cellulose decrystallized with aqueous solutions containing from 70% to nominally 100% ethylamine. The x-ray "crystallinity index" was correlated with acid hydrolysis crys tallinity, moisture regain, density, leveling-off degree of polymerization values, and infrared absorbance values for each sample. The results indicate that the crystallinity index is a time-saving empirical measure of relative crystallinity. The precision of the crystallinity index in terms of the several crystallinity criteria is given. Based on over 40 samples for which acid hydrolysis crystallinity values were available, the standard error was 6.5%.
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Cited by
Park, S., Baker, J. O., Himmel, M. E., Parilla, P. A., & Johnson, D. K. (2010) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/1754-6834-3-10 · Cited by 3,395
Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials
Foster, E. J., Moon, R. J., Agarwal, U. P., Bortner, M. J., Bras, J., Camarero-Espinosa, S., Chan, K. J., Clift, M. J. D., Cranston, E. D., Eichhorn, S. J., et al. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c6cs00895j · Cited by 1,021
A study of the effect of acetylation and propionylation surface treatments on natural fibres
Tserki, V., Zafeiropoulos, N. E., Simon, F., & Panayiotou, C. (2005) · Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.01.004 · Cited by 621
Pu, Y., Hu, F., Huang, F., Davison, B. H., & Ragauskas, A. J. (2013) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/1754-6834-6-15 · Cited by 608
Chemically and mechanically isolated nanocellulose and their self-assembled structures
Jiang, F., & Hsieh, Y.-L. (2013) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.022 · Cited by 586
Metadata
- Authors
- Segal, L., Creely, J. J., Martin, A. E., & Conrad, C. M.
- Venue
- Textile Research Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1959-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 786-794
- ISSN
- 0040-5175 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-7748
- OpenAlex
- W2096991082
- Cited by
- 8,613
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/004051755902901003
- The paper
- Segal, L., Creely, J. J., Martin, A. E., & Conrad, C. M. (1959). An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer. Textile Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051755902901003
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