Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,526

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toward Understanding and Measuring Conditions of Trust: Evolution of a Conditions of Trust Inventory

Butler, John K.·1991·Journal of Management

Abstract

Ten conditions of trust were suggested by 84 interviews of managers, and two previous studies of managerial trust. Statements made in the interviews and the studies were used to develop a content theory of trust conditions and derive scales measuring them. The scales were generated with an iterative procedure using a total of 1531 management students. The scales were assessed for homogeneity, reliability, and validity with several samples: 180 managers and 173 of their subordinates, 111 machine operators, and four different samples of management students (n = 380, n = 129, n = 290, and n = 132). Construct validity was supported by showing that the scale measures behaved as hypothesized with respect to measures of other variables, a manipulation of expectations, and the reciprocity of trust in vertical dyads.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/014920639101700307

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 4 references

Cited by

See all 1,526

Metadata

Authors
Butler, J. K.
Venue
Journal of Management
Published
1991-09
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
643-663
ISSN
  • 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1211
OpenAlex
W1963615444
Cited by
1,526
References
4
FWCI
2.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toward Understanding and Measuring Conditions of Trust: Evolution of a Conditions of Trust Inventory. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/014920639101700307
The paper
Butler, J. K. (1991). Toward Understanding and Measuring Conditions of Trust: Evolution of a Conditions of Trust Inventory. Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700307

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.