The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Searching as learning: A systematization based on literature
Abstract
The paper surveys empirical studies on the relations between information searching and learning, and presents some reflections about learning in a search process based on the findings. First, the meaning of the concepts ‘learning’ and ‘searching’ is briefly defined. Learning is conceptualized as changes in one’s knowledge structures. Then it is described more in detail how learning occurs in the search process. The point of departure is to focus on tasks that require the restructuring of knowledge structures and to analyse how gradual stabilization of those structures is related to accessing and interacting with information sources. After that, empirical studies on searching and learning are categorized by identifying independent and dependent variables in those studies. In conclusion, some general remarks on the topic are presented.
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“The study found significant differences in performance across different technologies in tasks involving knowing, understanding, and applying (i.e., Task 1 and Task 2). Both the ChatGPT and Google groups outperformed the control group in these tasks, aligning with Vakkari's findings on the relationship between Bloom's taxonomy and search tasks [15].”
From Short-Term Gains, Long-Term Gaps: The Impact of GenAI and Search Technologies on Retention (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationTask complexity, problem structure and information actions
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Self-citation
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- Kuhlthau C, 1993, Seeking meaning
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- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199802)49:2<115::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-T · DOI
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Sorted by citations
Shah, C. S., & Bender, E. M. (2022) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3498366.3505816 · Cited by 125
Analyzing Knowledge Gain of Users in Informational Search Sessions on the Web
Gadiraju, U., Yu, R., Dietze, S., & Holtz, P. (2018) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3176349.3176381 · Cited by 92
Exploring Context in Information Behavior
Agarwal, N. K. (2017) · Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services · doi:10.2200/s00807ed1v01y201710icr061 · Cited by 89
Predicting User Knowledge Gain in Informational Search Sessions
Yu, R., Gadiraju, U., Holtz, P., Rokicki, M., Kemkes, P., & Dietze, S. (2018) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3209978.3210064 · Cited by 83
Ghosh, S., Rath, M., & Shah, C. S. (2018) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3176349.3176386 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Vakkari, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Tampere (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Vakkari, Pertti
- ORCID
- Vakkari, Pertti
- Venue
- Journal of Information Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-01-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-18
- ISSN
- 0165-5515 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-6485
- OpenAlex
- W2237396823
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 36.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Information Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Information Literacy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Keywords
- information searching, learning, knowledge structure, knowledge restructuring, information seeking, information sources, independent and dependent variables
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