Extending the four-category model of adult attachment: An interpersonal model of friendship attachment
Abstract
Relationships among adult friendship attachment styles and levels of hope, self-disclosure, relationship satisfaction, and trust were studied to assess their validity as explanatory factors in friendship attachments in a cross-section of 268 undergraduate students at a small, private university. Significant relationships were found between attachment styles and hope, self-disclosure, and relationship satisfaction. Specifically, securely attached individuals showed significantly more hope, self-disclosure, and relationship satisfaction than individuals with fearful attachment styles. In addition, individuals with fearful attachment styles showed significantly less hope, self-disclosure, and relationship satisfaction than individuals with secure, dismissing, or preoccupied attachment styles.
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Similar results have been found in studies of college students with a secure attachment style.
“Similar results have been found in studies of college students with a secure attachment style (Welch & Houser, 2010).”
From Social anxiety mediates the effect of attachment to parents on friendships and loneliness during the college transition (2023) · cites this paper as Welch & Houser, 2010
Early attachment bonds shape subsequent relationships.
“First, this research supports the theoretical proposition that early attachment bonds shape subsequent relationships.”
From Social anxiety mediates the effect of attachment to parents on friendships and loneliness during the college transition (2023) · cites this paper as Welch & Houser, 2010
Cites
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 6,247 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Based upon this attachment framework, numerous authors have applied attachment theory to adult attachment relationships (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Hazen & Shaver, 1987; Overall, Fletcher, & Friesen, 2003).”
BackgroundAinsworth, M. S. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.4.709 · Cited by 3,231 · see citing works
Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: development and psychometric evaluation
Herth, K. (1992) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01843.x · Cited by 1,109 · see citing works
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Gori, A., Topino, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107633 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Yaakobi, E., & Goldenberg, J. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.025 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Carcedo, R. J., Vázquez-Iglesias, P., Parade, S., Herreros-Fraile, A., & Hervalejo, D. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03868-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Welch, R. D., & Houser, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Denver Seminary (US)
- Corresponding author
- Welch, Ronald D.
- Venue
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-04-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 351-366
- ISSN
- 0265-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-3608
- OpenAlex
- W2134705414
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- adult attachment, attachment styles, hope, self-disclosure, relationship satisfaction, trust, secure attachment, fearful attachment, dismissing attachment, preoccupied attachment, interpersonal attachment
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