The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Content Analysis of References: Adjunct or Alternative to Citation Counting?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Chubin and Moitra (1975) found only very low percentages of negational citations (6 percent and 4 percent).”
From What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior (2008) · cites this paper as Chubin and Moitra (1975)
In the citing paper
“For works that had been cited in the form of partial negational citations, it was noteworthy that they were highly cited immediately after publication, and then there was a rapid rate of decay (decline in citations to these sources). Papers that had been cited in the form of affirmative essential citations did not show that kind of course.”
From What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior (2008) · cites this paper as Chubin and Moitra (1975)
In the citing paper
“About one-fifth of the citations were found to be affirmative perfunctory citations.”
From What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior (2008) · cites this paper as Chubin and Moitra (1975)
In the citing paper
“Chubin and Moitra reached similar results: the citations made by the scientists in letters and full-length articles were most frequently affirmative basic essential (27 percent and 13 percent) or affirmative subsidiary essential (13 percent and 34 percent) citations, and affirmative additional supplementary citations (32 percent) were also made”
From What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior (2008) · cites this paper as Chubin and Moitra (1975)
In the citing paper
“Most published content analyses provide no operational definition for the judgment tasks and report no reliability coefficient for the decisions made by judges (e.g. Chubin and Moitra, 1975; Spiegel-Ro ¨sing, 1977).”
From What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior (2008) · cites this paper as Chubin and Moitra, 1975
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chubin, D. E., & Moitra, S. D.
- ORCID
- Chubin, Daryl E.
- Venue
- Social Studies of Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1975-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 423-441
- ISSN
- 0036-8539 (ISSN-L)
- 0306-3127
- 1460-3659
- OpenAlex
- W1980282589
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Studies of Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- citation analysis, citation counting, bibliometric analysis, research evaluation, bibliographic references
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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