The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 45 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
‘Jacob, my father’: The character of Judah in the Joseph Novella (Gen. 37–50)
Open accessAbstract
This paper focuses on the remarkable journey of Judah’s character in the Joseph Novella (Gen. 37–50), by paying special attention to Judah’s two speeches in Gen. 44 (vv. 16 and 18–34). Facing the Egyptian vizier, Judah speaks on behalf of his brothers, confesses his guilt, manifests a surprising theological understanding of the circumstances in which he is living (v. 16), and tries to move Joseph to compassion (vv. 18–34). Through his words, Judah shows that he really is changed, because Jacob’s predilection for his beloved wife Rachel and for her two sons (v. 27) cannot erase the bond with his father, particularly evident thanks to the numerous repetitions of the expression ‘my father’ in vv. 24–34. The complex speeches in Gen. 44, thus, demonstrate that Judah’s evolution as a character leads him to understand God’s interventions in the history of his family, and that the recovery of his filial identity is an important part of this process.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article argues that Judah’s character in the Joseph Novella (Gen. 37–50) develops from a self-interested group member into a responsible spokesman who confesses guilt, recognizes God’s providence, and recovers his filial identity. His two speeches in Gen. 44—especially the repeated cry “my father”—show this transformation and help move Joseph to reveal himself.
Key findings
- Judah begins in Gen. 37 as a figure without strong individual identity, merely part of the hostile brother group; his turning point comes in Gen. 38 through Tamar’s exposure of his wrongdoing and his admission, “She is more righteous than I am” (38.26).
- In Gen. 44.16, Judah admits the brothers’ guilt and makes a theological claim: “God has found the guilt of your servants,” which the paper reads as evidence of Judah’s new awareness of divine providence.
- In Gen. 44.18–34, Judah uses deferential rhetoric and familial language to plead for Benjamin; the expression “my father” appears five times in vv. 30–34, while in the rest of the discourse it appears only twice.
- Judah offers himself as a slave in Benjamin’s place (44.33), and this speech causes Joseph’s emotional outburst in Gen. 45.1, facilitating the resolution of the novella.
Methods
- Narrative analysis combined with rhetorical criticism, focused on close reading of Gen. 37–50, especially Judah’s speeches in Gen. 44.16 and 44.18–34.
- No empirical sample or quantitative data; the study analyzes biblical Hebrew narrative, reported speech, politeness strategies, and rhetorical structure.
- Engages prior scholarship on Judah, Gen. 38, and Gen. 44 (e.g., Lambe, Wénin, Twiss, Bridge) and compares Judah’s retellings with earlier dialogues in Gen. 42–43.
Limitations
- The paper states no limitations.
- Evident from the text: it is an interpretive literary-rhetorical study with no external data, so its claims depend on close reading and rhetorical categories.
- Its scope is limited to Judah’s characterization in the Joseph Novella, especially Gen. 44, rather than a full historical-critical or reception-history treatment.
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Claims the paper makes
61 Own interpretation · 37 No basis given · 34 Sources not found · 12 Own result
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the recovery of his filial identity is an important part of this process.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through his words, Judah shows that he really is changed”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“by paying special attention to Judah's two speeches in Gen. 44 (vv.16 and 18-34)”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The complex speeches in Gen. 44, thus, demonstrate that Judah's evolution as a character leads him to understand God's interventions in the history of his family”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This passage, then, demonstrates that Judah learned an important lesson from Tamar: that putting the preservation of his own life above all else will only destroy it.50”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.1 Judah takes responsibility for his younger brother
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50]
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In the paper
“In this way, Judah is similar to Joseph, because he discloses an analogous theological comprehension of history that Joseph will display in Gen. 45. 64”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [64]
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plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The previous references to God, together with Judah's individual experiences, facilitates the acknowledgement that all the adversities the brothers have faced were permitted by God.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our opinion, however, the mention of God in Gen. 44.16 is very significant for Judah's characterization, because it signals his new awareness of the divine 'cause' 61 and of God's providence.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, Judah's theological insight in Gen. 44.16 is not unexpected.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“His 'reproductive' quotations 84 change relevant parts of the dialogue 85 in order to create an intentional effect for the hearer.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [84]
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- Not matchedcites [85]
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 121
- It may state two separate claims as one. 65
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“tries to move Joseph to compassion (vv.18-34)”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“particularly evident thanks to the numerous repetitions of the expression 'my father' in vv.24-34.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah speaks on behalf of his brothers, confesses his guilt, manifests a surprising theological understanding of the circumstances in which he is living (v.16)”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first surprising trait of Judah's character growth is revealed in Gen. 44.16.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, Judah makes his arguments in a persuasive way, creating a semantic progression by means of a sequence of three questions.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“We see that, in Gen. 38, Judah is characterized as an individual who wants to be in control of the situation, but fails.38”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Judah's quotation, however, Joseph's words are much softer (44.21, 'Bring him down to me, that I may set my eyes on him').”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, God is mentioned also by Joseph's steward: 'Peace be with you, do not be afraid!Your God, the God of your father, has put treasure in your bags for you' (43.23).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Gen. 37.2-11, therefore, Judah is a character who does not possess a strong identity; he is never singled out by name and his characterization emerges only through the representation of the brothers as a group”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It is no surprise, then, that with an informal, direct answer, the brothers justify themselves: 86 'From the land of Canaan, to buy food'.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [86]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“On the other hand, Judah's discourse reveals some calculation ('What is the profit?' and 'let us sell him!' 27 ), and his suggestion to sell Joseph is very controversial.28”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
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In the paper
“In this verse, Judah is not defined by any particular trait, and he simply shares his brothers' hatred for Joseph. 17”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“This verb creates an allusion to the judicial setting, because it can express the institution of a trial; 78”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [78]
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In v. 19, Judah begins a part of his speech that can be compared to a narratio, 82 'the account of an action useful for the persuasion'.83”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [82]
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After Joseph's accusation that they are spies (v.9) the brothers start to use a deferential tone and reject the accusation of espionage (v.11).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, unlike in Gen. 42.28, the term 'Elohim' does not appear here in an exclamation, but it is used in a strong statement which serves as the conclusion of an articulated argument.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The narrator ironically insists on presenting the brothers' inability to recognize Joseph (v. 8), 87 and mentions Joseph's memory of his dream.88”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [87]
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In the paper
“The speech is very well organized, and the use of the expression 'our brother' (v.4) is relevant for Judah's characterization; his words suggest that the relationship with his family members has changed and that he now considers Benjamin as a brother.45”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.1 Judah takes responsibility for his younger brother
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [45]
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hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“He twice uses the polite 54 form of address 'my lord', and refers to himself and to his brothers with the submissive epithet 'your servants' in order to capture Joseph's attention and to win his sympathy.55”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [54]
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the dialogue of Gen. 42, Joseph reiterates his accusation (42.14, 'You are spies') and, manifesting his authority, formulates his demand through the repetition of the oath formula 'by the life of Pharaoh':”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Gen. 42.18-20, Joseph's tone changes radically.”
- Also stated in: § 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23) · plain
“He expresses the desire that they may continue to live, and he manifests his fear of God, without mentioning his bond with Pharaoh (v. 18, 'Do this and you shall live, for I fear God').”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
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- Also stated in: § 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23) · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, while it is Benjamin who is suspected to have committed a crime, Judah refers to a family guilt ('How shall we justify ourselves?').”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When the brothers run out of grain again (43.2), it is Judah who takes the lead:”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.1 Judah takes responsibility for his younger brother
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirdly, God has been mentioned earlier in the narrative: after the brothers' captivity, Joseph reassures them by saying 'Do this and you will live, for I fear God' (42.18); his speech facilitates the brothers' acknowledgement of their sin (42.21) and is perhaps the reason why they refer to 'God' in 42.28.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, Jacob himself refers to God in his prayer when he allows the brothers to take Benjamin with them: 62 'May God Almighty grant you compassion before the man and may he send back your other brother and Benjamin' (43.14).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to this, the spokesman Judah recounts something his brothers have never uttered: 'The young man cannot leave his father, for if he should leave his father, he would die' (44.22).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, just as Jacob was deceived through the use of a piece of clothing (37.31-33), so too Judah is played by Tamar, disguised as a prostitute (38.14-19).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, Judah's characterization is somewhat expanded thanks to his words, and he is portrayed as a more divided figure.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Judah's speech has something in common with a captatio benevolentiae.53”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [53]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an associationSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The original exchange of words in Gen. 42 begins with a harsh question (v.7): 'Where do you come from?'”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Joseph continues to accuse them (v.12) and only after that second attack, do the brothers allude to Jacob and refer vaguely to Joseph (v. 13, 'one is no more').”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The expression אדני בי is a polite construction that can introduce a plea, 75 and through these words Judah acknowledges his inferiority even more strongly.76”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [75]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [76]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The family portrayal depicted in Gen. 37 does not reveal much about Judah's character, because the narrator presents him as a mere figurant.12”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and immediately describe the situation of their family.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At this point, Judah speaks again and formulates a complex discourse (vv.18-34) preceded by a shorter speech (v.16).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Against Judah's expectations, Joseph replies with acerbic words.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The brothers also do not attempt to justify themselves”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To understand Judah's development as a character, the most relevant part of his speech is the main sentence, 'God has found the guilt of your servants'.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Gen. 37.12-34, then, Judah is still represented as a part of a group, but also a cynical person who refuses to recognize the relationship with his brother Joseph and does not show compassion for his father Jacob.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the one hand, Judah seems to value his bond with Joseph, because he reminds the others that Joseph is 'our brother' and 'our own flesh'.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He then requests that only one of the brothers stays behind, and makes them relive the same situation they had with Joseph,”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In Gen. 43, Judah is characterized as a family member who is able to stand surety for a brother 48 (Benjamin) and who manifests a genuine concern for his father.49”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.1 Judah takes responsibility for his younger brother
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah's development is thus evident in his official speech uttered in front of Pharaoh's vizier: he shows a great empathy for his father, by focusing on the relationship between Jacob and Benjamin (Gen.44.27-29), and offers himself as a slave in the place of Benjamin (Gen.44.33).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This admission is not surprising, because the narrator has already revealed that the brothers have begun to acknowledge their sin against Joseph.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The intention of having a personal and close meeting is specifically highlighted by using ,נגׁש 'to come near'.77”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [77]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah presents a brief report of the first visit made to the Egyptian vizier (42.7-20) and, as in 44.16, he continues to use formal language ('my lord' and 'your servants').”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In verse 18, Judah makes extensive use of politeness strategies, both conventional and accessory; he is not just using the formulae that would be expected in an official and hierarchical context, but he is strategically trying to avoid any conflict with Joseph.74”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [74]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the beginning of Gen. 37.12-34, Judah is again characterized as a part of a collective, rather than a man who voices his own convictions.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This trend in Gen. 37 is completely reversed in Gen. 38.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the brothers in the guardhouse for three days (v.17).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As in the case of v. 16, the style is very deferential: the words ,אדון 'lord', and ,עבד 'servant', are used respectively twice each.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Gen. 44, Judah reproduces this dialogue but radically changes both Joseph's and his brothers' words.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Gen. 44.18-34 Judah offers a dramatic and extended speech.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first quotation demonstrates that Judah can reproduce the words of his father literally, because he reports them verbatim: 'Go back and buy us a little food' (43.2; 44.25).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In v. 32 Judah answers this question by quoting his own words:”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, in 44.26, Judah does not quote Joseph's words, but he twice repeats the expression הקטן ,ואחינו 'our youngest brother', focusing once again on the bond with his brothers and with Benjamin in particular.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Judah, his father said, 'You know (very well) that my wife bore me two sons ' (v.27).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 43.3-5, Judah twice repeats the vizier's words (created by Judah himself: see 42.12-16, 18-20) to Jacob, as if they were a refrain impressed in his mind ('You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you', in vv. 3 and 5); the relationship with his brother is affirmed in clear terms (Judah calls him 'our brother' in v. 4), but the main emphasis falls on Joseph's speech.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The last part of Judah's speech is in two sections, each one introduced by the particle ,ועתה 'and now', marking a logical and argumentative transition which separates different stages of a single discourse.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, he also repeats, particularly at the end of his speech, the unnecessary expression 'my father'; this expression is used five times in vv.30-34, while in the rest of the discourse it is used only twice.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection is further clarified as, after Joseph's harsh words in v. 17, Judah once again begins his speech with a captatio benevolentiae (v.18).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in v. 24 he calls Jacob 'my father' for the first time, while in v. 25 he refers to him as 'our father'.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In v. 32, Judah concludes the first part of his final argument and presents his last retelling of past events.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lastly, in 43.6, Jacob rebukes his sons for revealing the existence of another brother.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, Judah quotes words that Jacob has never uttered, omits the brothers' self-justification of 43.7, and presents his point of view in a more radical way.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Jacob's predilection for his beloved wife Rachel and for her two sons (v.27) cannot erase the bond with his father”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This paper focuses on the remarkable journey of Judah's character in the Joseph Novella (Gen.37-50)”
§ The character of Judah in the > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Narrative analysis of the stories of the Hebrew Bible has demonstrated that the description of its main characters is multifaceted”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The Joseph cycle has attracted the interest of many scholars, 4 with most of them concentrating on historical-critical issues.5”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In doing this, however, the emphasis of the narrative is shifted, drawing attention to Jacob's suffering.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Judah, then, can return to his family and take upon himself the task of spokesman (Gen.43) only after a transformation, that occurs when he recognizes his injustice towards Tamar (Gen.38.26).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah, then, plays the role of an authoritative narrator who presents Jacob as the primary victim in Joseph's 'ordeal'.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“relational terms in v. 20 (the substantive 'father' appears twice, the terms 'brother' and 'mother' are used once each) creates the impression that the brothers have had a deeper concern for their family, while in the previous dialogue they showed such a concern only after Joseph's accusation (see 42.13).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Secondly, the sophisticated rhetorical strategy deployed in Judah's second speech will provide a counterpoint to what is more surprising in his words: his abundant use of familial language, and his insistence on his relationship to Jacob.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lambe's paper is particularly relevant for our research, because the author analyzes the same group of texts as this article, and demonstrates that Judah's character significantly develops after Gen. 38. 10”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“This passage, then, shows that Judah considers it impossible to prove the brothers' innocence, 56 and implicitly admits their guilt.57”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Nonetheless, the literary aspects of Gen. 37-50 have recently been reconsidered.6”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah's conversion in Gen. 38 has already prepared the reader for this turn of events.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Moreover, others scholars consider Gen. 38 as a decisive chapter for the entire cycle.32”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, Judah inaugurates his new speech with a second captatio benevolentiae and continues what he has already begun in 44.16.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition to this, Judah takes a step further in his statement, recognizing that it is God Himself who has unveiled their sin, 59 and demonstrates that his character has indeed evolved.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As he desires to establish a fruitful communication with the vizier, Judah wants his words to reach their destination (Joseph's ears).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but this verse is a crucial passage that anticipates some of the strategic tools used in vv.18-34 and, at the same time, allows the reader to become aware of Judah's 'theological turn'.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to his analysis, Judah's departure from his brothers in Gen. 38.1 'develops into a greater alienation from his family;' 11”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This articulated speech, therefore, characterizes Judah as a skilful storyteller who, without mentioning the brothers' imprisonment and Simeon's detention,”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Secondly, Gen. 44.16 presents the same deferential tone that is found in vv.18-34, which will be one of Judah's main rhetorical strategies (see below); v. 16 must therefore be considered as the first part of an elaborate speech and not just the result of an emotional outburst.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrative arc that we have summarized above (re-reading Gen. 37-38) and the connection with 44.16 show precisely that his personal development is prepared by the acknowledgement of his faults and by his new relationship with God.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“By answering him through an asyndetic and hurried series of sentences, 89 they show that even if they are together, they do not form a group (v.11), and that they are not 'brothers', but only 'sons of one man'.90”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [89]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [90]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Indeed, Joseph creates some irony when he says that only the guilty one must pay while the others are free to leave, because the truth is quite the opposite: the ten brothers are the guilty ones, while only Benjamin, who is about to be punished, is innocent .66”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reader will thus recognize that Judah's words do not offer a merely therapeutic account, but also depict him as a character that has a new awareness of his filial identity.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This speech's intensity will cause Joseph's emotional outburst in Gen. 45.1, 67”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From this point onwards, Judah's journey as a character radically changes.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“With some delicacy, 40 then, Tamar brings Judah to understand the evil he has done to her, and this facilitates his transformation process, which begins precisely with an acknowledgement of guilt.41”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Wénin, for example, noticed that the place of Gen. 38 is coherent with its context, because Gen. 37, 38, and 39 all depict acts of misleading deception.31”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He describes Pharaoh's official as a noble person”
- Also stated in: § 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23) · plain
“whose first concern is the family of his interlocutors (v.19, 'Have you a father or a brother?'), and who does not make any accusation of espionage.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23) · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through this, Judah highlights the familial relationship and characterizes his brothers as people who are genuinely worried about Jacob, even if their distance from him is still palpable”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.3 Judah's second speech: First part (vv. 18-23)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The surprising element is that although Jacob seems to completely forget his ten other sons, Judah can refer to his words without feeling any jealousy towards his youngest brother: his father's preferences do not shake his identity as Jacob's son.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, Judah implicitly admits his (and his brothers') guilt towards Joseph when he makes his father say, 'Now, if you take this one away from me, too …' (v.29).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, he shows a genuine concern for his father, by presenting him as the one who has suffered the most”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Until this very moment, Judah has cleverly created an expectation in the heart of his interlocutor, who cannot help but ask: 'If Jacob loves Benjamin so much, how did they convince him to let him go?'”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Now, he stands as surety for his brother Benjamin before Jacob, taking responsibility for the young man and, when faced with the possibility of leaving Benjamin in Egypt, he intervenes with an elaborate speech.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This last sentence is so compelling that it causes Joseph to lose control of his emotions (see 45.1) and facilitates the resolution of the entire Joseph Novella.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This reunion will later be sealed when Jacob asks his son to perform the symbolic act of arranging the meeting with Joseph (46.28), and the narrative arc of Judah's character is completed precisely by means of this encounter.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah, then, does not hesitate to indicate the close bond between Benjamin and Jacob (v.30), and exhibits his concern for the life of his father by repeating the same concept in more intense words:”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah has rediscovered his condition of being a son and a brother.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, these repetitions show that Judah is truly interested in his father's wellbeing and that he cannot contain his concern, to the extent that the very last words of his speech are precisely 'my father!'”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If he shows such a compassion towards Jacob, it is because he himself has experienced the anxiety of a father who does not want to lose his only son”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.4 Judah's speech: Second part (vv. 24-29)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to this, Jacob will confirm Judah's character growth through a special blessing at the end of his life (49.8-10): he will depict him as a lion's cub who has gone up from the prey and crouched in a non-violent manner (49.9).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Running away from his family, Judah tries to build his own family, but his project fails miserably (Gen.38).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Firstly, Judah calls Jacob 'my father' (v.27) for the second time, showing once again that the relationship with Jacob is completely restored.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By using the deferential formulas in reference only to Jacob (called 'your servant', vv. 25 and 27), Judah attempts to focus Joseph's attention on Jacob alone.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the first, shorter discourse (44.16),Judah is the author of an unexpected theological statement, and the reader discovers that his transformation must have been”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in vv.24-29, Judah presents the facts by using the 'showing mode',”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.4 Judah's speech: Second part (vv. 24-29)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although his complex speech may suggest that the narrator intends to portray him as a manipulator who plays on the vizier's feelings by evoking the universal value of respect for fathers, Judah's portrait is much more nuanced.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Gen. 37-50, Judah is first depicted as an individual without a strong identity; he is merely a part of a group of brothers who feel a violent hatred towards Joseph.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Secondly, Judah's skilful oratory is remarkable when his characterization is borne in mind.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Firstly, the rhetorical analysis of Gen. 44.16 and 18-34 helps the reader notice the continuity between the two discourses.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of this particle makes vv.33-34 similar to a peroratio.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Jacob's use of ,גם 'too', creates an implicit allusion to Joseph's disappearance.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The end of Judah's speech can be interpreted as a request for mercy”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the second speech (44.18-34),Judah tries to move Joseph to compassion by basing his argument on Jacob's attachment to Benjamin.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“then, is the logical consequence of the narratio of vv.19-29.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By omitting any mention of Benjamin's alleged crime, Judah gives an example of positive politeness, and seeks an agreement with Joseph regarding a matter that has already been discussed (v.16).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.4 Judah's speech: Second part (vv. 24-29)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This detail shows even more clearly that when Judah tells things differently, he does so intentionally (also thanks to the narrative medium).”
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By doing this, however, Judah also demonstrates his own personal development and the change in his feelings towards his father, showing that the recovery of his filial identity is a significant part of his transformation.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following all this, the words uttered by Judah in Gen. 44 --which the main part of this paper has analyzed --illustrate his astonishing metamorphosis.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given where the Joseph narrative begins, the narrative reversal is astonishing: according to Jacob's words, the brothers will no longer bow before Joseph, but before Judah, the new leader (49.8,10).”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The twofold repetition of the expression 'my father' cannot be accidental and further demonstrates that Judah truly wants to define his own identity by referring to his sonship.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Judah, then, once again shows a great sympathy for his father, and states that it is his very bond with Jacob that prevents him from abandoning his youngest brother in Egypt.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.5 Judah's speech: The conclusion (vv. 30-34)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, the repetition of the expression 'my father' shows that Judah can stand surety for Benjamin precisely because he has rediscovered his identity.”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.4 Judah's speech: Second part (vv. 24-29)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tamar's stratagem plays quite a decisive role, because it is the main cause for the denouement of the plot and the resolution of Judah's complex situation.”
§ The character of Judah in the > Conclusion
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.2 Judah's first speech and Joseph's answer (Gen. 44.16-17)
“the use of נער to describe Joseph's condition in Gen. 37.4”
§ The character of Judah in the > Introduction
“'Joseph, being seventeen years old, was a shepherd with his brothers in the flock.He was a young man [or a servant 13 ] with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah.Joseph brought a bad report of them 14 to their father' (v.2).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The character of Judah in the > Additional information
“Jacob (called 'your servant', vv. 25 and 27)”
§ The character of Judah in the > 2.4 Judah's speech: Second part (vv. 24-29)
“24 When we went back to your servant my father, we reported to him the words of my lord.25 And our father said, 'Go back and buy us a little food'.”
Citations
Cites
Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method
Ungar, S. R., Genette, G., Lewin, J. E., & Harari, J. V. (1980) · SubStance · doi:10.2307/3683912 · Cited by 2,203
Marcos, N. F., & Sen, F. (1993) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 824
Lausberg, H., & Kennedy, G. A. (1998) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004663213 · Cited by 688
Gesenius, W., & Kautzsch, E. (2006) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 506
An introduction to biblical Hebrew syntax
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-4351 · Cited by 469
Proteus in Quotation-Land: Mimesis and the Forms of Reported Discourse
Sternberg, M. (1982) · Poetics Today · doi:10.2307/1772069 · Cited by 258
Hamilton, V. P. (1990) · Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. eBooks · doi:10.5040/bci-0092 · Cited by 216
The Poetics of Biblical Narrative
Sternberg, M. (1987) · Indiana University Press eBooks · doi:10.2979/2655.0 · Cited by 193
Andersen, F. I., Joüon, P., & MURAOKA, T. (1993) · Journal of Biblical Literature · doi:10.2307/3267872 · Cited by 183
The Poetics of Biblical Narrative. Ideological Literature and the Drama of Reading
Segal, N., & Sternberg, M. (1988) · Vetus Testamentum · doi:10.2307/1517664 · Cited by 132
Research works printed but not linked: 29
- Alter R (2011) The Art of Biblical Narrative. Revised and Updated. New York, NY: Basic Books.
- Bal M (2017) Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Fourth Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Becking B (1991) ‘They Hated Him Even More’: Literary Technique in Gen. 37.1–11. Biblische Notizen 60: 40–47.
- Bovati P (2008) ‘Non so parlare’ (Ger 1,6). La parola come atto profetico. In: Bovati P ‘Così parla il Signore’: Studi sul profetismo biblico. Biblica. Bologna: Edizioni dehoniane, pp. 53–76.
- Brueggemann W (1982) Genesis. Atlanta: John Knox Press.
- Callaham SN (2014) Modality and the Biblical Hebrew Infinitive Absolute. Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 71. Wiesbaden: Harrassovitz.
- Caquot A, de Robert Ph (1994) Les livres de Samuel. Commentaire de l’Ancien Testament 6. Genève: Labor et Fides.
- 10.5325/j.ctv1bxgzws · DOI
- Ficco F (2020) La relazione padre-figlio nel Pentateuco. Parole di Vita 65(3): 19–24.
- Fifi A (2020) Giuseppe (Gen. 37–50): Nuovo Adamo regale. La funzione principale svolta dalla storia di Giuseppe all’interno del racconto biblico da Genesi a 2Re. Studi e ricerche, sezione biblica. Assisi: Cittadella.
- Genesis Rabbah. In: Ravenna A, Federici T (eds) Commento alla Genesi (Berešit Rabbâ). Torino: UTET.
- Giuntoli F (2013) Genesi 12–50. Introduzione, traduzione e commento. Nuova versione della Bibbia dai testi antichi 1/II. Cinisello Balsamo: San Paolo.
- 10.5040/bci-009v · DOI
- Jacob B (1934) Das erste Buch der Tora. Genesis. Berlin: Schocken Verlag.
- Kipasa Mayfulu P (2019) Parole, violence et ruse. Une approche narrative du début de l’histoire de Joseph (Genèse 37–39). Théologie biblique 4. Zurich: Lit.
- Nepi A (2015) Dal fondale alla ribalta: I personaggi secondari nella Bibbia ebraica. Epifania della Parola. Bologna: EDB.
- Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria. In: Faranda R, Pecchiura P (ed.) L’istituzione oratoria. Vol. 1. Torino: UTET.
- Rashi. In: Carasik M (2018) The Commentators’ Bible. The Rubin JPS Miqra’ot Gedolot. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society.
- Sarna NM (1989) Genesis. The JPS Commentary. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society.
- Schmid K (2020) Die Datierung der Josephsgeschichte. Ein Gespräch mit Ehrard Blum und Kristin Weingart. In: Krause JJ, Oswald W, Weingart K (eds) Eigensinn und Entstehung der Hebräischen Bibel. Erhard Blum zum siebzigsten Geburtstag. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp. 99–109.
- Smith B (2005) The Central Role of Judah in Genesis 37–50. Bibliotheca Sacra 162: 158–74.
- Sonnet JP, Ficco F (2023) «Per narrare alla generazione futura…» (Sal 48,14). Analisi narrativa dei racconti biblici. Lectio 16. Cinisello Balsamo (MI) and Roma: San Paolo and G&B Press.
- Speiser E (1964) Genesis. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
- Targum Neofiti. In: MacNamara M (ed) Targum Neofiti 1: Genesis. The Aramaic Bible 1A. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
- Targum Onqelos. In: Grossfeld B (ed) Targum Onqelos to Genesis. The Aramaic Bible 6. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
- Twiss P (2022) An Overlooked Aspect of Judah’s Speech in Genesis 44.18–34. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 65: 457–70.
- Weimar P (2004) Eine bewegende Rede. Komposition und Theologie der Rede Judas in Gen. 44,18–34. In: Hossfeld FL (ed) Das Manna fällt auch heute noch. Beiträge zur Geshichte und Theologie des Alten, Ersten Testaments, Fs. Erich Zenger. Herders biblische Studien 44. Freiburg: Herder, pp. 638–59.
- Wenham G (1994) Genesis 16–50. Word Biblical Commentary 2. Dallas, TX: Word Books.
- Wénin A (2007) Giuseppe o l’invenzione della fratellanza. Lettura narrativa e antropologica della Genesi. IV. Gen. 37–50. Testi e commenti. Edizioni Dehoniane: Bologna.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
“It Was Not You Who Sent Me Here, but God” (Gen 45:8): Moses, Joseph, and the Prophetic Tradition
Ficco, F. (2025) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel16121479 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ficco, F.
- Affiliations
- Pontifical Gregorian University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ficco, Fabrizio
- ORCID
- Ficco, Fabrizio
- Venue
- Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2025-02-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 265-286
- ISSN
- 0309-0892 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6728
- OpenAlex
- W4407342180
- Semantic Scholar
- 0c61aba69a470836fbd51e3b77fc250ff72a0de4
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 7.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal for the Study of the Old Testament (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Religion, Theology, History, Judaism, Christianity
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Contemporary Christian Leadership and Education
- Keywords
- Judah, Genesis 37-50, Genesis 44, Jacob, father-son relationship, Rachel, Joseph, character development, guilt, compassion, divine intervention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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